Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms

The insulin-dependent form of diabetes is seen in children and adolescents. It is linked to pancreatic cells' failure to generate the hormone insulin. If signs of type 1 diabetes are discovered, it is critical to seek medical attention as soon as possible. After completing extensive tests on the condition of glucose metabolism in the body, the endocrinologist can assist in establishing disease control. The specialist arsenal includes drugs and measuring equipment. Diets and exercise sets have been developed to help the patient get closer to normal life.

What are ignoring the features?

The artificiality of diabetes may not be the obvious symptom of endocrine disease for many years. At the same time, destructive (destructive) processes in the body do not stop due to the failure of carbohydrates and other types of metabolism (fat, protein).

Disorders of cellular glucose tolerance can be detected in the examination of the skin, teeth, and diseases of the genital system during a medical examination. Or, conversely, events in the body develop so rapidly that a patient who is already in a coma is diagnosed in the hospital.

Experts distinguish between several types of coma. Up to 30% of newly diagnosed diabetes cases are found in patients admitted to medical institutions with ketoacidosis. Ketoacidemic coma raises blood glucose levels over a long period of time. In the body, the ratio of insulin to the hormone of the pancreas is greatly reduced. Ketone bodies (acetone) accumulate.

For a variety of reasons, neglected diabetes can lead to coma. Hyperosmolar - before diseases (burns, bruises, blood loss, after surgery, including dehydration). The accumulation of lactic acid (a harmful toxin) in the blood can lead to the coma of the same name.

With a violation of the diet (prolonged starvation) or with an overdose of insulin, administered externally, the blood sugar level drops significantly (less than 3.3 mmol / l). Hypoglycemic coma develops. The patient may, for some time, be unconscious. Ignoring the symptoms of type 1 diabetes is a terrible result of coma. Bringing it to her is very deadly.

Patients with endocrinological disease complain of:

Skin manifestations in diabetes

Excessive thirst (polydipsia) - up to 10 L per day;
The increased appetite (polyphagia);
Frequent urination, especially at night (polyuria) - up to 10 liters per day.

Three symptoms of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) are considered the most important - the index. They are also called classics.

Complete picture:

Weight loss (varying degrees, usually sharp);
The emergence of a tendency to develop infections (periodontal disease, furunculosis), fungal diseases (nails, external genitalia);
There are dental problems due to dry mouth (bleeding in the gums, loose teeth, severe formation of plaque, stone);
Poorly healing skin lesions (bruises, scratches);
Pain in heart and calf muscles.

Major signs of hyperglycemia

Exacerbate the condition of a patient with diabetes:

Drowsiness;
Impaired attention, memory;
Generally increasing weakness throughout the body;
Significant reduction in disability.

High blood sugar affects sex drive. Note that men are weakening energy, women - libido.

Causes and mechanism for the development of symptoms

"Passing" is a literal translation of diabetes known since ancient times. With or without insulin in the body, the cells go hungry, which leads to weight loss and atrophy

A significant activity of nerve tissue (brain, neurons) does not depend on the hormone of the pancreas. Despite the presence or absence of insulin, their cells take glucose from the blood. With hyperglycemia, excess sugar enters the nerve tissue. The patient experiences symptoms such as fatigue, heaviness in the head, and rapid fatigue.

Insulin does not require glucose to penetrate the eyeball's lens. With high sugar, the patient's eyes become cloudy and fog appears. Blood vessels are made up of insulin-dependent tissues. Excess sugar accumulates in blood cells, the lining of the veins, and capillaries. Gas exchange involving oxygen and carbon dioxide is based on red blood cells. Thus, the nutrition of the connective tissue is disrupted.

Polyphagia occurs due to the increased process of breakdown of proteins and fats. There is a paradoxical phenomenon - the patient loses weight in the face of passionate hunger. In severe diabetes, the urge to eat completely disappears until there is a complete aversion to food.

Polydipsia is accompanied by loss of body fluids and salts. Urine with polyuria is light or colorless. Sugar is excreted by the kidneys, so the body tries to get rid of unwanted glucose, which has destructive power.

The negative effects of diabetes on the kidneys are dangerous to the health and life of the patient

Causes of Type 1 Diabetes

Prerequisite for the occurrence of the insulin-dependent form:

Symptomatic precursors of type 1 diabetes are esophagitis, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and hypertension.
Chronic metabolic disorders are inherited. One or both parents, close relatives by blood, and those who are ill (ill) have a predisposition to this disease.
People with stroke, severe stress (chronic nervous strain), inflammation caused by high temperature, and exposure to toxins often suffer from diabetes mellitus.

If the disease that led to the rise in blood sugar can be treated, then diabetes will be temporary. Doctors call this form - secondary. In its treatment, the same techniques are used as in the primary: insulin, diet, exercise.

Gestational diabetes is said to occur after birth. But the manifestation of the disease is a serious sign of a violation of the functions of the pancreas.

When pathological recognition is high

First, many adolescents are at risk due to hormonal imbalances during adolescence. The exception is that the disease occurs with attacks of hypoglycemia - a significant drop in blood glucose levels.

Symptoms of low sugar:

Perspiration;
Hand tremor (noticeable tremor);
Dizziness, vasospasm;
Numbness (lips, tongue, chin).Signs of hypoglycemia

Signs of hunger and general weakness are often confused with hyperglycemia, a condition with high rates. If the patient with high sugar has some time to go to the endocrinologist, then with a hypoglycemic condition, the count goes on for minutes.

Confusion occurs in a person. Symptoms of arousal can lead to drowsiness and lethargy, which is early stage.

Second, due to the occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus, medical professionals observe the chronology of the manifestation. During the autumn and winter-spring seasons, a greater number of diagnostic cases are detected.

Temperature fluctuations, during wet weather, increase the likelihood of infection of the body with viral diseases (mumps, rubella, measles).

Third, people with type 1 diabetes should take advantage of the rejection of secondary vaccines. Most cases have been reported when endocrine disease occurs immediately after vaccination.

Blood sugar measurement can be done at home with a glucometer.

At the first suspicion of metabolic disorders occurring in the body, you must consult a doctor. The following steps are included in the test (general result is indicated in brackets):

Fasting blood test (not more than 6.1 mmol / l);
Blood plasma analysis (7.0 mmol / l);
Glycated hemoglobin ratio (up to 6.2%);
Profile with glucose (up to 7.8 mmol / l, blood sample in the amount of 75 g, within 2 hours of carbohydrate intake);
Urine tests for acetone and glucose (negative).

In diabetes mellitus, the patient's condition is unique. He is an active and direct executive of medical recommendations. Endocrinologists place great importance on teaching the patient ways to control and monitor blood sugar levels. The introduction to the basics of treatment takes place in "diabetes schools".

Hyperglycemia is a major mechanism for the development of acute and chronic complications of the formidable disease. It depends on how the adjustment of carbohydrate metabolism occurs on the patient and accordingly his quality of life.