Normal Blood Sugar Levels In Women
Diabetes mellitus is a very dangerous and insidious disease. The first symptom of diabetes, people can confuse it with slight discomfort, the action of an infectious disease. For many, diabetes can be a secret.
As a preventative measure, it is necessary to check blood sugar levels every six months, this will help detect the disease at an early stage, especially for at-risk individuals.
Glucose levels can be measured at home, for example, using a special device called a glucometer.
A blood test at the clinic is usually taken from a finger, but can also be taken from a vein.
At home, the meter can determine the level per drop of blood.
After 5 seconds the device will show the correct result. If the glucometer test shows a deviation of the sugar level from the norm, you should take a clinical blood test from a vein in the clinic, in the direction of your doctor. This way you can clarify whether you have diabetes or not.
To obtain reliable test results, it is necessary to measure blood glucose levels strictly on an empty stomach for several days. It is best to examine the blood from a vein and a finger in the laboratory of a medical institution.Some men and women make a mistake when they drastically change their diet before the analysis, start eating properly, “go on a diet”.
You can't do that!
This leads to the fact that the true state of things with the pancreas is hidden and it will be harder for the doctor to make a diagnosis. When taking sugar tests, consider your emotional state and other factors.
Fatigue, pregnancy, chronic diseases, all this can significantly affect glucose levels and their deviation from the norm. It is not recommended for men and women who will be tested on working nights to stay up late. Before the test, you must first get a good night's sleep.
Three early signs
In healthy people, blood sugar is always measured on an empty stomach, with the exception of the delivery of clarifying tests, when blood can be taken after a meal.
Men and women over the age of 40 should be tested for sugar because they are at risk.
In addition, you need to monitor your blood sugar level for women during pregnancy as well as for overweight people.
The table shows the norm of blood sugar in women by age
The sugar rate for women and men is basically the same, but there are differences.
The result will depend on some parameters:
- The analysis gave up on a lean stomach or after a meal
- The norm of sugar changes with age, after 60 years in women and men, the indicator may increase
If a person eats normally, leads an active lifestyle, does not abuse alcohol, is not addicted to drugs, and analyzes show elevated glucose levels, then the patient may suspect the development of diabetes.
Normal glucose values depend on the age of the patients.
Regardless of gender, both men and women should always take care of their health and monitor their sugar norm, bringing prof. examinations, take blood and urine tests.
sugar norm in older women
This is especially true for blood sugar in women after 40 - 50 - 60 - 70 years.
Typically, in older women, glucose levels rise only two hours after a meal, and glycemia on the test remains close to normal.
Causes of high blood sugar in women
This phenomenon has several causes that act on the body simultaneously.
First, reducing the sensitivity of tissues to the hormone insulin, reducing its production by the pancreas. In addition, the secretion and action of incretins are impaired in these patients. The incretins are special hormones that are produced in the digestive tract in response to a meal. Incretins also activate insulin production by the pancreas.
With age, the sensitivity of beta cells decreases several times, it is one of the mechanisms of diabetes, no less important than insulin resistance. Due to the difficult financial situation, the elderly are forced to grumble about cheap high-calorie food.
Such food contains an extreme amount of quickly digestible industrial fats and light carbohydrates; lacks complex carbohydrates, proteins, fiber.
Another reason for the increase in blood sugar in old age is the presence of chronic concomitant diseases, treatment with powerful drugs that adversely affect carbohydrate metabolism.
The riskiest from this point of view are psychotropic drugs, steroids, thiazide diuretics, non-selective beta-blockers. They can cause the development of disorders of the heart, lungs, musculoskeletal system.
Causes of hyperglycemia
Sugar rate may be exceeded due to:
- Because of junk food when a person abuses sweets
- alcohol abuse smoking
- due to nervous tension, stress
- due to increased thyroid activity and other endocrine diseases
- kidney, pancreas, and liver diseases.
Glucose levels can sometimes increase in the blood after taking steroids, diuretics, and some contraceptives. Women increase their sugar levels during pregnancy.
When the analysis showed an elevated glucose level (hyperglycemia), the patient was next given 200 ml of water with sugar, and after 2 hours it was tested again. It happens that a person can rise to blood glucose levels due to the fact that he ate a sweet apple.
Symptoms of hyperglycemia in men and women:
- Thirst
- Dry mouth
- Skin problems, severe itching
- The patient loses weight dramatically
- Vision impairment
- worried about frequent painful urination
- Shortness of breath becomes loud and uneven
For women over the age of 60, type II diabetes, defined as benign, is most common. It mostly comes in a dilapidated form and is not characterized by severe symptoms. Moreover, a significant proportion of older women do not at all assume they have the disease, which is why it is diagnosed late and most often by accident.
The difference that a doctor can lead to the fact that his elderly patient has diabetes is her obesity, which indicates violations in the process of lipid metabolism.
Between the beginning of the development of the disease and the establishment of the planned diagnosis, years passed during which the elderly lady from time to time experienced pain, erased the symptoms but did not go to the doctor.
The classic symptoms that accompany diabetes in the elderly are:
- limb sensitivity pathology;
- The appearance of pustules on the skin;
- Decreased visual acuity;
- Occurrence of heart pain;
- Swelling of the face and neck;
- Development of various fungal disorders, etc.
In the interest of older women, the development of trophic changes in the limbs and the appearance of signs of "diabetic foot" are also characteristic. Trophic changes occur due to the action of glucose on the blood walls.
The development of an unexpected and dangerous diabetic coma is also characteristic of the elderly. Usually, a sudden coma caused by high blood glucose levels ends fatally, in the case of the elderly.
In more than half of the people whose analysis showed an increase in blood sugar levels, latent pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) was detected. The insistence of the disease is that the symptoms of pancreatitis may not give obvious signs, disguise themselves as other diseases and gradually destroy the pancreatic tissue.
How to lower blood glucose
A balanced diet and nutrition help to significantly reduce sugar levels. It is important to follow a diet that already has elevated blood glucose levels. Exclude from the diet: animal fats, sweets, fast food, juices, bananas, persimmons, figs, sweet soda, alcohol.
In order to normalize metabolism in the future, and to maintain normal glucose levels, it is necessary to include in the menu: seafood, fish, beef, rabbit meat, vegetables, herbal teas, mineral water.
Why is diabetes so dangerous for older women?
The reason is that patients are extremely intolerant of cardiovascular complications, they have every chance of dying from a stroke, heart attack, blockage of blood vessels, acute heart failure.
It is also possible to remain disabled when irreparable brain damage occurs.
A similar complication can occur at a young age, but a much older person finds it very difficult to tolerate. When a woman has a high blood sugar rate quite often and unpredictably, it becomes the basis for falls, injuries.
Insulin is known to be a pancreatic hormone. When glucose levels rise, the pancreas increases insulin secretion. In case there is no insulin, or there is not enough insulin, glucose does not start to transform fats. If you accumulate a large amount of glucose in the blood, diabetes develops.
The brain at this point can begin to actively use excess glucose, partially freeing us from excess fat. Over time, sugar can settle in the liver (liver obesity). It is also dangerous when a large amount of sugar begins to interact with the collagen of the skin, which is necessary for the smoothness and elasticity of our skin.
Collagen is gradually broken down, which leads to skin aging and the appearance of premature wrinkles.
Elevated glucose can lead to vitamin B deficiency. The body's vitamins and minerals are generally poorly absorbed by diabetes.
High blood sugar speeds up metabolism, people have problems with kidneys, heart, lungs.
Diabetes mellitus weakens the immune system
Sugar gradually destroys the immune system, a person is increasingly exposed to infections, viral diseases, the body loses the ability to effectively fight infection.
Therefore, in older women and men, an increase in glucose is quite common.
To prevent the development of diabetes, you have time to pay attention to changes in indicators in the analysis and take appropriate measures. As disease prevention, it is important to follow a diet and lead a healthy lifestyle.
What should be the sugar level
Many people, discovering blood sugar of 6.0 mmol / L or more, panic, mistakenly believing that they have started diabetes. In fact, if you donated blood from a finger on an empty stomach, then a sugar level of 5.6-6.6 mmol / L does not mean the onset of diabetes, but only indicates a violation of insulin sensitivity or glucose tolerance. Doctors diagnose diabetes with a mark above 6.7 mmol / L on an empty stomach, and if the analysis is taken after a meal, then the level of 5.6 - 6.6 mmol / L is considered normal.
A sugar level of 3.6-5.8 mmol / L is normal for healthy people of working age. If it has been shown that your blood sugar level on an empty stomach is in the range of 6.1-6.7 mmol / l, then this indicates that you will have to change your usual lifestyle in the future. To prevent a rise in blood sugar, from now on you definitely need to eat properly, dedicate more time to rest, exercise for at least 30 minutes a day, and maintain optimal body weight.
The norm of blood sugar in children younger than five years differs from the norm for adults. In children younger than one year, the blood sugar level of 2.8-4.4 mmol / L is considered normal, from one year to five years - 3.3-5.0 mmol / L. In children older than five years, the normal blood sugar is almost the same as in adults. If the child has an indicator higher than 6.1 mmol / l, then it is necessary to take the tests again and eliminate the risk of developing diabetes.
To date, there are no methods and drugs to cure diabetes because science does not yet know how to restore or replace the cells responsible for producing insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas and lowering blood sugar. In the case of impaired insulin production, the body develops the first type of diabetes, and in the second type of diabetes, insulin is produced normally, but the body does not know how to use it properly.
In the body, insulin helps sugar enter the cell from the blood, just as the key helps us open the door lock and enter the house. When insulin production is disabled, a deficiency occurs and sugar remains in the blood, but it cannot enter the cells and they starve. Therefore, a patient with type 1 diabetes constantly feels a sense of hunger. There is no satiety even after eating. To get rid of hunger and help sugar get into the cells, he must constantly inject insulin.
There is no prevention of type 1 diabetes, i.e. a person alone cannot do anything without diabetes. But if you have been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus or if your family has relatives who suffer from this disease, try to guide your children from birth. It has been proven that the risk of diabetes in children with a weakened immune system is many times higher than in children who play sports and rarely suffer from colds.
In the second type of diabetes, the pancreas produces a normal amount of insulin, but this is not enough to maintain normal blood sugar levels. In 96%, this is due to the fact that the person overeats regularly and is overweight. Another type of diabetes can be prevented if its prevention is carried out on time. If one of the parents or relatives has suffered from type 2 diabetes, then make sure that the child does not develop obesity.
From the age of 10, check your child's blood sugar regularly because in recent years type 2 diabetes has become very young, and today it is often diagnosed in children older than this age.
The blood sugar test is performed on an empty stomach, ie you cannot drink or eat anything for 8-10 hours before giving it. If you drink tea or eat food before taking blood, your blood sugar levels will be higher than normal. In addition, recently transmitted infectious diseases and stress can affect the accuracy of the results. Therefore, it is better not to donate blood for sugar immediately after the illness, and you must sleep well before performing the analysis.
The first symptoms of diabetes are constant thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. The reason for this is that the level of sugar in the blood is the content of glucose in it, which provides energy to all organs and tissues. With an increase in blood sugar, our kidneys try to remove it from the body and begin to excrete it in the urine. But sugar can be removed from the body only by the liquid in which it is dissolved. Therefore, along with the sugar excreted in the urine, a certain amount of water leaves the body, and the person experiences constant thirst.
The more sugar is excreted in the urine, the more fluid is excreted from the body, the less energy the cells receive, which is why a person wants to drink, sleep and eat constantly.
With a strong rise in blood sugar, the symptoms of the disease increase: ketone bodies increase in the blood, leading to severe dehydration and a drop in blood pressure. When the sugar level is higher than 33 mmol / L, hyperglycemic coma can occur, and with values above 55 mmol / L, hyperosmolar coma develops. Complications of these comae are very serious - from acute renal failure to deep vein thrombosis. In a hyperosmolar coma, mortality reaches 50%.
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