Sugar rate for adults and children
On an empty stomach, the acceptable level varies from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / L. The average healthy person is 4.5 mmol / L. In the elderly over 60 years - 4.5-6.4 mmol / l. After a meal, it can rise to 8, especially when you consume simple carbohydrates.
By digesting quickly in the body, they increase the concentration of glucose. 2 hours after a meal, blood sugar levels drop. Severe deviations suggest re-examination with further diagnosis. Sugar 7 causes a prediabetic condition. When the numbers increase above 7, it indicates diabetes.
Usually, the results of children are lower than those of adults. In newborns, in the first 3 months of life, the indicator ranges from 2.8 to 3.3 mmol / L. This is due to the physiological characteristics of the newborn.
The norm for a child under the age of 14 is 3.3-5.6 mmol / l. Sugar at voice 6 indicates hyperglycemia. Elevated blood glucose levels of 6 or more in children suggest a glucose tolerance test. The susceptibility test is performed in several stages, including capillary blood sampling and oral glucose solution.
Sugar test
Conducting a laboratory test is a chance to prevent hyperglycemia. Glucose control is especially important after 40 years. It is recommended to take the analysis in the morning from 8 to 11 o'clock. Regulatory compliance increases reliability. Rules for precise definition:
A blood test for an empty stomach is taken to determine the sugar level.
- turn off the toothpaste and chewing gum;
- 2 days before the procedure do not drink alcohol and fatty foods;
- do not take medication;
- Do not visit the sauna;
- do without physical exertion.
A glucometer is used at home. Quick analysis is simple and painless. You need to pierce your finger and attach the test strip. After a few seconds, the device shows the result. With diabetes, a meter should be on hand.
Symptoms of high blood sugar
- intense thirst;
- dry mouth
- increased urination and the presence of pain;
- weight loss on the background of a normal diet;
- lethargy, fatigue;
- poor wound healing;
- headaches;
- scabies;
- vision problems;
- hypotension;
- sleep disorders;
- nausea, sometimes vomiting.
What to do if your blood sugar is higher than 7?
If you’ve passed a glucose sensitivity test and another test confirms blood sugar 7, it’s time to think about your lifestyle. This is a complete cessation of smoking, drinking alcohol, and fatty foods.
Walking in the fresh air, playing sports, observing sleep patterns are welcome. Blood sugar 7 is not a lethal indicator. A low-carbohydrate diet is able to stop the development of the disease.
Blood sugar 9 is a diagnosis of type 1 or 2 diabetes. With progressive disease, an analysis will show urinary glucose failure. A popular risk factor: overeating in the evening.
Foods rich in carbohydrates trigger spikes. It is recommended to use a fractional diet during the day. For people with diabetes, a strict diet is a basic rule.
Attacks of sugar up to 7 mmol / L and more can be caused by endocrine diseases and inflammatory processes. Risk factors include:
- diabetes;
- liver pathology;
- disorders of the endocrine system;
- pancreatic disease;
- hormonal drug treatment;
- taking birth control pills;
- nervous tension;
- fatigue after physical exertion;
- postoperative period;
- pregnancy;
- excessive consumption of fast carbohydrates;
- wrong preparation for analysis.
Regular monitoring of glucose levels will prevent negative consequences.
Prevention of hyperglycemia is regular monitoring of glucose readings. Treatment includes insulin injections, alkalization of the body to normalize the acid-base balance, a strict diet, and stabilization of the mental state.
Proper alternation of stress and sleep is imperative. The insulin dosing and treatment plan are individually monitored by physicians.
In diabetes, plasma glucose levels reach 15 mmol / L and are higher in severe hyperglycemia. A sharp rise causes hyperglycemic coma. The condition is characterized by impaired consciousness and impaired functioning of internal organs.
Distinctive property: the smell of acetone, due to its content in blood and urine. Development often leads to fainting and death. When a patient's glucose concentration reaches a critical level, insulin should be administered quickly.
The severe course of type 1 diabetes causes an excessive jump in glucose to 55 mmol / L. This is a fatal level, urgent hospitalization is required. With such a high value, insulin-dependent patients develop hyperosmolar coma.
Dehydration occurs due to frequent excessive urination and the removal of nutrients in the urine. Symptoms of coma: nausea and vomiting, dry skin, shortness of breath. The only way to save a patient from death is emergency medical care.
What to do if a person has a sugar level of 7-7.9?
For normal functioning, the body must receive and absorb enough beneficial substances, including glucose. It is actively involved in energy metabolism, but if its concentration is high, it threatens the development of serious diseases.
A sugar test helps determine the content of this substance. For patients over the age of 40, experts recommend performing it at least once a year. If the results show that the blood sugar is 7 mmol / l, then it is an alarming signal, which indicates problems with the activity of internal organs. What to do to the patient and what measures are taken to prevent hyperglycemia?
Blood sugar 7 - what it means
It is important to know! A novelty advised by endocrinologists for continuous monitoring of diabetes! It is only needed every day.
Glucose enters the digestive tract along with food. If they are saturated with simple carbohydrates, which consist of the least structural elements, then the concentration of sugar in the bloodstream increases significantly. It helps glucose to penetrate the pancreatic tissue. It synthesizes the hormone insulin, which compensates for diabetes.
If the blood sugar is 7, it means that the permeability of the cell membranes is disturbed and they are starving. A similar result must be checked a second time and the analysis repeated.
This will help to understand if the hyperglycemia was a temporary disorder or if the patient actually developed diabetes.
Sugar can and should break down, otherwise nothing. However, it does not heal the sickness; it just aids in the inquiry and does not address the underlying cause of the ailment.
The only drug that is officially recommended for diabetes that endocrinologists use in their work is the Ji Dao anti-diabetes patch.
The efficacy of the drug, calculated according to the standard method (number of patients who recovered to the total number of patients in the group of 100 people who underwent treatment) was:
- Sugar normalization - 95%
- Elimination of venous thrombosis - 70%
- Elimination of a strong heartbeat - 90%
- Alleviation of high blood pressure - 92%
- Vigor during the day, improved sleep at night - 97%
For the tests to give the most reliable results, you should refuse to eat 10-12 hours before donating blood. You can drink some water in the morning. If retesting shows normal glycemic indicators, you should not worry. If the sugar level is still high, for example, 7.2 -7.9 units, this indicates the beginning of a pathological process that requires medical supervision.
A temporary increase in blood sugar levels of 7.1 or more may indicate hyperglycemia that may cause:
- pregnancy;
- zamarati;
- stress;
- taking certain medications (diuretics, hormones, oral contraceptives);
- chronic liver pathology;
- inflammation, the formation of cancer in the pancreas;
- overeating.
Important! Prior to the diagnostic procedure, the patient using any medication should inform the laboratory assistant.
Diagnosis for glucose tolerance and glycohemoglobin testing may also be recommended. We usually recommend it on an empty stomach with a sugar score of 6.0-7.6. An empty stomach test is performed first. The subject then drinks glucose dissolved in plain water.
In an hour and a half, sampling of biomaterials is carried out three times in the same time interval. 2 hours after taking a sweet drink, glycemic parameters should not exceed a value of 7.8 units. If the norm increases and reaches 11, then the patient is diagnosed with prediabetes.
In this condition, patients observe:
- increased thirst;
- itchy skin - read more;
- occurrence of pustules and boils;
- polyuria - read more;
- frequent dizziness;
- fatigue;
- poor skin healing;
- weakened immunity, susceptibility to viral diseases;
- vision impairment.
Should I be afraid
Many patients are interested in whether blood sugar 7 indicates the onset of diabetes. The norm of the content of the metabolic substances in the blood directly depends on the age indicator:
Age Units
0-3 months 2.8-4.5
4 months-14 years 3.3-5.6
from 14 years 4.1-5.9
Blood sugar doubles and can reach 7.8 units two hours after a meal. For a healthy body, this is a natural process. Insulin helps to quickly distribute glucose and remove excess substances, which cannot be said for people with diabetes. It is diagnosed by parameters 6.7 (on an empty stomach) and 11.1 (2 hours after a meal).
To be sure of the diagnosis, you should do tests in a hospital lab or use a home blood glucose meter, but for complete safety, you should visit a specialist. He will refer the patient for additional examination, and if the sugar on an empty stomach exceeds 6-7 units, then treatment will be prescribed.
Diabetes is known to have four stages:
- The degree is considered relatively mild when the sugar does not exceed 7 units. It is also called prediabetic because the changes in the body are still subtle, and you can save the situation by sticking to a diet and changing your lifestyle.
- The degree to which sugar can be 7-10 units. For example, in one patient the blood count is 7.3-7.4 mmol / L, while in another on an empty stomach it ranges from 7.5 to 7.6. Both were diagnosed with second-degree diabetes. The renal and cardiac systems begin to work worse, patients face visual impairment, vascular and muscular problems.
- The degree to which blood glucose can reach 13 and 14 units. The patient was diagnosed with severe malfunctions of internal organs, problems with blood pressure, partial or complete loss of vision.
- The degree leads to dangerous heart complications and an increase in sugar levels to a critical 25 units. For diabetics with such a diagnosis, insulin intake hardly helps. The painful condition results in kidney failure, gangrene, sugar coma.
Even a slight increase in glycemic index alarm is a significant reason to contact a specialist.
What to do if your sugar level is above 7
Improvement is possible without the use of medication. Even when the patient has a blood sugar of 7-7.7, it means that it is quite possible to adjust the indicator.
Indeed, in the initial stages, the disease can be stopped, unlike third- and fourth-degree diabetes, when a person is forced to live off the introduction of artificial insulin. And refusing such treatment is dangerous not only for health but also for life.
First of all, you need to contact an endocrinologist who will tell you what to do in such a situation and change your diet by switching to a low-carb diet:
- do not eat more than 120 g of carbohydrates per day;
- do not eat fast carbohydrates: sweets, pastries, pasta, ice cream, packaged juices;
- eat 5-6 times a day in small meals.
The preparation of the menu should be done, taking into account the glycemic index of the product. The lower it is, the better. On the table should be whole grain bread, seafood, lean meat and fish, blueberries, chicory, cabbage, buckwheat, brown rice, mushrooms, nuts.
It is necessary to limit the use of various sauces with preservatives and dyes, potatoes, carbonated drinks, honey. Such a diet can change the indicators for the better.
Moderate motor loads, which are selected taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, reduce the sugar indicators. If the exercises are chosen correctly, then you cannot resort to taking pills and injections for a long time.
If the sugar does not fall and remains at level 7, the specialist may prescribe sulfonylurea preparations. They stimulate the secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells, which allows glucose to be absorbed into tissues that are insensitive to it.
Biguanides - hypoglycemic drugs that stimulate glucose absorption - are also used. After confirming the lack of insulin, the patient, after the appropriate diagnosis, switches to artificial insulin injections - to which sugar is prescribed insulin. The doctor calculates the dose individually.
With high sugar levels, indicating a prediabetic condition, the patient should quit bad habits: do not smoke, do not drink alcohol. If it is too heavy, then you need to fight against excess weight, avoid physical inactivity, exercise daily. With strict adherence to the doctor’s recommendations, you can hope that the patient will not have to face the serious consequences of diabetes in the future.
Be sure to learn! Do you think pills and insulin are the only way to control sugar? It's not true! You can confirm this yourself by using it.
What to do if your blood sugar is higher than 7
Serum glucose occurs after consuming foods that contain carbohydrates. For its assimilation in the tissues of the body, the protein hormone is produced. In the case of disorders of the insulin apparatus, the concentration of glucose in the blood increases. The pathology has several stages of varying complexity, in order to identify the pathology, patients are prescribed laboratory blood tests to determine glycemic levels.
Sugar test
Before taking the tests, patients must refrain from eating for 10 hours, the day before you can not drink alcohol and coffee. Blood is taken in the morning on an empty stomach.
Such a study allows you to determine the state of metabolic processes in the body, the degree of deviation from the norm of glycemic indicators, the diagnosis of a prediabetic condition, and type 1 or 2 diabetes.
How much blood serum sugar do healthy people have? The glycemic index after fasting is usually in the range of 3.3–5.5 mmol / L. As these values increase, repeated analysis and several more studies are prescribed to make a correct diagnosis.
If the result ranges from 5.5 to 6.9 mmol / L on an empty stomach, prediabetes is diagnosed. When the glycemia reaches a value exceeding 7 mmol / l - this indicates the presence of diabetes.
How long does high blood sugar last after consuming sweets? The increase in glycemia after light carbohydrates lasts 10-14 hours. Therefore, there is so much time that you should refrain from eating before taking the analysis.
Serum sugar on the head has risen to 5.6 - 7.8, is that a lot, what does it mean, and what should be done? Hyperglycaemia can cause:
- diabetes;
- patient stress;
- physical stress;
- taking hormones, birth control, diuretics, corticosteroids;
- inflammatory, oncological diseases of the pancreas;
- condition after surgery;
- chronic liver disease;
- endocrine system pathology;
- improper preparation of the patient before taking the test.
Stress and excessive physical activity stimulate the secretion of the adrenal glands, which begin to produce anti-hormonal hormones that promote the release of glucose from the liver.
If the patient is taking medication, he should alert his doctor. To make a diagnosis, a study is conducted twice. To rule out or confirm the patient's endocrine disease, a glucose tolerance test is performed and glycated hemoglobin is tested.
Glucose sensitivity test
If serum sugar rises sharply to 6.0 - 7.6, what should be done, how dangerous, how to treat the pathology? Patients have been prescribed a glucose-tolerant glucose tolerance test if previous test results are in doubt. This study allows you to determine how much glycemia increases after the intake of carbohydrates in the digestive tract and how quickly the level normalizes.
First, the patient takes blood on an empty stomach, after which they give a solution of glucose with water. A sampling of the material is repeated after 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes.
2 hours after the use of the sweet solution, the glycemic level should be lower than 7.8 mmol / L. An increase in the level to 7.8 - 11.1 mmol / l is diagnosed as impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, or prediabetes. This is the borderline condition before type 2 diabetes.
The pathology is treatable. Patients were prescribed a strict low-carbohydrate diet, physical activity, and weight loss. Most often, such measures are sufficient to restore metabolic processes in the body and delay or even prevent the development of diabetes for a long time. In some cases, drug therapy is performed.
With scores higher than 11.1 mmol / l, they are diagnosed with diabetes.
Glycosylated hemoglobin analysis
Diabetes mellitus can have a latent course, and at the time of taking the tests, it does not show an increase in glycemia. To determine how much sugar has increased in the body over the last 3 months, an analysis of glycated hemoglobin concentration is performed. The answer of the study allows you to determine the percentage of hemoglobin that reacted with glucose.
No special preparation is required before passing the analysis, it is allowed to eat, drink, play sports, lead a familiar lifestyle. They do not affect the result and stressful situations or any illness.
How much-glycated hemoglobin in the serum does a healthy person have? This substance is usually in the range of 4.5 - 5.9%. An increase in this level suggests that there is a high percentage of probability of developing diabetes.
The disease is detected if the content of glycosylated hemoglobin is greater than 6.5%, which means that the blood contains a lot of glucose-related hemoglobin.
Which doctor to contact
What does the analysis say if the blood sugar level rises to 6.4 - 7.5 mmol / L on an empty stomach, is it a lot, what does it mean and what should be done? These are high glycemic, which requires further research. Once diabetes is suspected, you should seek the help of an endocrinologist.
The menu should include fresh vegetables, fruits, healthy food. Physical activity improves the absorption of insulin in the tissues of the body, it helps reduce glycemia and restore metabolic processes.
If diet therapy and physical activity do not work, an additional prescription for sugar-lowering medications is prescribed. Treatment should be under strict medical supervision.
If your blood sugar quickly rose to 6.3 - 7.8, a lot needs to be done, does that mean that diabetes has developed? If a glucose tolerance test and a glycated hemoglobin test confirm high glycemia, diabetes is diagnosed. Patients should be observed by an endocrinologist, taking medication, following a prescribed diet.
Symptoms of diabetes:
- frequent urination;
- polyuria - increase in urine volume;
- constant feeling of thirst, drying of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity;
- severe hunger, overeating, as a result of rapid weight gain;
- general weakness, malfunction;
- furunculosis;
- long-term regeneration of scratches, wounds, cuts;
- dizziness, migraine;
- nausea, vomiting.
In many patients, the symptoms are blurred or absent in the early stages. Some complaints appear later, even worse after meals. In some cases, there may be a decrease in the sensitivity of some parts of the body, most often the lower limbs. The wounds do not heal for a long time, inflammation and suppuration are created. It is dangerous, gangrene can develop.
An increase in serum sugar after fasting is a signal of metabolic disorders in the body. Additional studies are being conducted to confirm the results.
Timely detection of the disease, strict monitoring of diet and therapy will normalize the patient's condition, stabilize glycemia and prevent the development of severe diabetic complications.
Violation of metabolic processes causes a malfunction in the digestive, nervous, cardiovascular system and can cause heart attack, atherosclerosis, stroke, neuropathy, angiopathy, coronary heart disease. If the glycemic level is too high, the patient sinks into a coma, which can lead to severe disability or death.
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