Food Diet For Diabetes

Food Diet For Diabetes

 In recent decades, the number of diabetics has risen uncontrolled. This disease takes on the character of a pandemic. The problem of diabetes is becoming common, not just medical. After all, the limitations of such a diagnosis apply not only to medical aspects but also to the nature of food, sports, and lifestyle in general.

The main task of all therapeutic measures for diabetes is the normalization of metabolic processes, primarily the normalization of blood sugar. To this end, doctors prescribe various medications and insulins to patients. But you have to take into account the fact that in some cases of diabetes, it is enough to follow the dietary recommendations in order to establish your metabolism. According to statistics, 30% of patients with diabetes can go without medication, adhering to a special diet.

Type 1 diabetes - start with math

Type 1 diabetes is insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, in which it must be, in the first place, balanced in the amount of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, macro-and microelements. If the patient is not obese (In most cases, people with type 1 diabetes do not have these issues.), then the daily diet should have the same caloric value as healthy people's age, gender, and occupation must be taken into account.  With insulin-dependent diabetes, you need to know the exact amount of protein, fat, and carbohydrates eaten. These are very important measures and are needed to select the appropriate dose of insulin (to prevent insulin deficiency or overdose and hypoglycemia).

The notion of a bread unit (XE) was developed to make life simpler for diabetics was introduced). This is a conditional concept that nutritionists use to simplify the calculation of the number of carbohydrates in food. 1 XE is 10 (without ballast substances) or 12 (including dietary fiber) grams of carbohydrates. Such XE increases glycemia by 2.77 mmol / L and requires 1.4 units for assimilation. insulin.

By having information on how much XE it contains in different products (there are special tables), you can put together a proper and varied diet and choose the right dose of insulin. A person suffering from diabetes needs 18-25 XE per day, which should be divided into 4-5 meals. You cannot use more than 7 units for one seat.

General dietary principles for type 1 diabetes:

• Be sure to follow a diet. Eat 5-6 times a day, but it is necessary to coordinate food intake with insulin injections.
• Exclude easily digestible carbohydrates from your diet. It is necessary to reject such products as sugar, jam, sweets, confectionery, grapes, and other products that have a large number of simple carbohydrates. The place of sugar you need to choose its substitutes (xylitol, sorbitol, fructose).
• Fullness (in nutrients and calories) and increased amount of vitamins in the daily diet.
• Inclusion of large amounts of dietary fiber in the diet.

Compliance with the basic principles of nutrition, the use of the principles of calculating XE with insulin treatment will help diversify the menu, get not only a set of food

necessary substances but also satisfaction, as well as preventing possible complications of the disease.

Why and how to diet for type 2 diabetes?

Metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes occur due to the presence of resistance to insulin action and violation of its secretion by pancreatic cells. The most common cause or aggravating factor for type 2 diabetes is obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the normalization of diet will be the first and very important step on the path to normalization of metabolism and blood glucose levels. Diet also helps increase tissue sensitivity to insulin, which is important for type 2 diabetes. Proper diet and weight control will help delay the period of diabetes treatment with sugar-lowering drugs or insulin, and in some cases even avoid drug treatment.

With diabetes, diet 8 is very effective. In most cases, patients with type 2 diabetes are overweight. Diet number 8 affects metabolism by removing excess fat deposits.

Main dietary recommendations of diet no. 8:

• Decreased energy value of the diet due to animal fats and easily digestible carbohydrates. Normal or high protein.
• Limit liquids, salts, spices.
• You need to eat 5-6 times in small meals.
• Culinary food processing - use of steamed, cooked, and stewed food.
• Calories 1500-1700 kcal, protein 80-90 g, fat 60-70 g, carbohydrates 150 g, salt - up to 5 g, liquid - up to 1 l.
• Exclude from the diet flour products and white bread, potatoes, pasta, legumes, fatty meats, fish, poultry, rich soups, smoked, sausages, fatty cheeses, sauce, spices, sweets.
• (The diet should be dominated by foods high in plant fiber, useful macro-and micronutrients.)
• Limit drinking, because these drinks are a source of extra calories, especially for obese people. And when you take your diabetes medication, alcohol can cause life-threatening hypoglycemia.

Buckwheat diet and diabetes

Of all the cereals, diabetics have no more benefits than buckwheat. In this product, you can find real klondike iron, calcium, iodine, magnesium, vitamins B and P. The composition of buckwheat includes fiber and hard-to-digest carbohydrates, which do not increase blood sugar, because a buckwheat diet for diabetes is not only allowed but also useful. This cereal contains rutin, a substance that strengthens the vascular wall, which is very important for people who have diabetes. (Buckwheat also removes excess cholesterol from the body, preventing the macrovascular complications of diabetes.)

For the buckwheat diet, cereals are steamed overnight with boiling water. You can eat it as much as you want. You need to drink it with low-fat kefir in the amount of 1 liter per day. You can adhere to such a diet for no more than 7 days. If you are taking sugar-lowering medicines or insulin, then you need to reduce the dose of medicines during your diet so that hypoglycemia does not develop. In such cases, it is best to consult a doctor.

Protein diet for diabetics

A protein diet for diabetes is effective and safe for people who have type 2 diabetes and obesity. In some cases, such a diet is even more effective than a simple low-calorie diet. Adherence to a protein diet is much easier because a person on such a diet does not leave a feeling of fullness. The principle of choosing a diet is very simple - most of the calories should be due to protein products.

A kind of protein diet is the Ducan diet, popular today. The main emphasis in this diet is on lean fish, poultry, dairy products. Ducan’s diabetes diet is not suitable for those who have high cholesterol, gout, and kidney problems, and these symptoms are very common among diabetics. People with diabetes should always consult a doctor before such a diet.

Gestational diabetes: how to eat a future mother

If you have gestational diabetes, you should be very careful when choosing foods. About 80-90% of cases can control the manifestations of diabetes in pregnant women through diet and exercise, without resorting to medication. The diet in gestational diabetes does not differ much from the general principles of the diet of diabetics. The only nuances are that the number of calories should be higher, and food should be rich in trace elements and vitamins.

A large number of people with diabetes give up after reading the recommendations on diet food and decide to take the medicine instead of an exhausting diet. But if you go deeper and understand everything, the anti-diabetes diet is equal to the usual weight control diet. Such a diet is followed by half of the women to look beautiful and healthy. There are a lot of cookbooks and websites with recipes for delicious and dietary dishes, just don’t be lazy.

Diet for overweight type 2 diabetes: exemplary menu, combining diet with exercise and simple recipes

Type 2 diabetes is a disease accompanied by chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders. The number of diabetics who suffer from excess weight, according to medical statistics, is about 85%. A balanced diet for overweight type 2 diabetes allows patients to lose weight, normalize blood glucose.

Basic rules of nutrition

A properly designed menu for type 2 diabetes mellitus allows people with obesity to control their glucose levels. Experts advise patients with a similar disease to adhere to the following dietary principles:

• eat food at least six times a day, the interval between meals should not exceed 3 hours;
• prevent hunger, at the same time take food;
• give preference to foods rich in fiber, which cleanses the intestines of toxins and toxins, allowing the absorption of carbohydrates.

Type 2 diabetics who want to lose weight should organize their last meal at least 2-2.5 hours before bedtime. In order to stimulate metabolic processes in the body, skipping breakfast is not recommended for people with this disease. Nutritionists advise patients to reduce salt intake to 7-10 g if they are overweight, in which case edema will be avoided.

The effect of carbohydrates on sugar levels

In the menu of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes on the background of obesity must be present carbohydrates that give the body energy. When compiling a daily diet, it is necessary to include them in the optimal amount.

Carbohydrates increase blood glucose. In order to prevent a sudden spike in sugar, foods containing starch and sugar should be excluded from the diet for type 2 diabetes.

Vegetables

When preparing the menu for a week, it is mandatory to include frozen and fresh vegetables. Experts allow you to add a variety of sauces and toppings. A low-calorie diet for type 2 diabetes allows you to consume yellow and green vegetables - cucumbers, cabbage, spinach, broccoli, zucchini, zucchini, bell peppers.

The menu for type 2 diabetes for obese people should not contain vegetables that contain large amounts of starch - beans, potatoes, corn, and peas.

Cereals

Cereals are divided into:

• Refined or ground grain - corn flour, white rice, and wheat bread. These grains are cleaned of germs and bran.
• Whole grain not previously processed. This category includes whole rice, quinoa, barley, wheat, and oats. When choosing a recipe for diabetics, you should pay attention to the use of wholemeal flour.

Cereals contain a significant amount of starch-rich in carbohydrates. Therefore, in addition to the diet for type 2 diabetes and obesity, preference should be given to whole grains. It is rich in fiber that helps prevent a rapid rise in blood glucose.

Fruits and berries

To lose weight in patients with type 2 diabetes, it is worth including in the diet a sufficient amount of frozen, fresh, canned (without syrup and sugar), as well as dried unsweetened fruits. Patients with a similar disease are allowed to:

On the menu of type 2, diabetes for weight loss can be fruit shakes, fruit drinks, homemade cooked compotes, diluted juices without added sugar, and chemical dyes.
Oils and fats

Oils contain trace elements and nutrients that help the body maintain health. In the diet for weight loss, patients with diabetes should have a limited amount of saturated fats, so you should exclude fast food, butter, and bacon from the menu.

It is better to give preference to mono- and polyunsaturated fats that are present in nuts, fish, vegetable oils. But you should not abuse oils, because they slightly increase glucose levels and contain a large number of calories.

Foods rich in protein

For patients with type 2 diabetes, the use of poultry dishes, meat, nuts, legumes, soy is allowed. Nutritionists recommend that patients give preference to poultry and fish and remove the skin during cooking.

Foods with type 2 diabetes and overweight can be varied with pieces of veal, beef, or wild animal meat. Patients should not have fat in their meals. Diabetes meat can be steamed, baked, stewed, or cooked.

Patients suffering from this disease are advised to consume low-fat dairy products. When compiling the menu, it is taken into account that natural yogurt contains natural sugar, and in some cases, the manufacturer additionally adds sweeteners.

A large amount of sugar may contain low-fat cottage cheese. Before buying products for diabetics, carefully read the composition listed on the label.

Alcohol and sweets

The permitted amount of alcohol consumed is determined by the doctor. The specialist assesses the condition of the patient with type 2 diabetes and says that it is necessary to limit it.

The main reason for weight gain is excessive consumption of sugar and fat, so they should be excluded from the diet. When compiling a diet menu, you must follow simple rules:

• Choose desserts with low sugar
• Be interested in the size of sweet dishes when ordering at a coffee shop or restaurant;
• Divide the dessert into several portions or offer a portion to relatives, this will allow you not to overeat.

Rules of cooking and serving diabetics

The diet for overweight type 2 diabetics should include vegetables and fruits. They are especially beneficial when eaten raw, roasted, or cooked. For obese individuals, salads, first and second meals are made from vegetables. useful when consumed raw, baked, or steamed. Salads, first and second courses are prepared from vegetables for overweight patients.

Low-fat meat and fish are permitted to be consumed on a daily basis.

To maintain the maximum amount of nutrients, they are baked or cooked. Nutritionists recommend replacing sugar with fructose, xylitol, or sorbitol.

Putting the dishes on a plate, experts advise mentally divide it into 4. Two parts should be occupied by vegetables, one - protein products, the last - starch. This ratio of ingredients allows for proper absorption of food, leaving blood glucose levels unchanged. A well-composed menu helps to avoid the occurrence of concomitant diseases and live longer.

Proper nutrition for obese diabetics

Proper patient menu planning is required. Sugar-boosting ingredients are excluded from the diet. Many restrictions include a diet for type 2 diabetics with obesity, the framework menu allows you to follow a certain regimen and adjust your diet if necessary.

Sample menu for the week: basic meals

It is important to follow certain rules for losing weight in diabetes. Meals are planned to take into account the list of allowed and forbidden ingredients. Nutritionists claim that reducing excess weight allows patients to normalize cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure.

Nibble

The diet of a patient with type 2 diabetes should include snacks. The low-calorie menu allows you to use:

• diet bread
• lettuce berries;
• fruit;
• herbal infusions;
• low-fat cottage cheese;
• fat-free kefir/yogurt;
• diet cookie.

A combination of sports and nutrition

For patients wondering why you need to lose weight with type 2 diabetes, nutritionists talk about the benefits of exercise. Sport has a positive effect on the interaction of body cells with insulin. It is impossible to achieve a similar result by taking vitamin supplements and medications.

Trained muscles need less medical insulin. The minimum amount of hormones in the blood does not allow the accumulation of fat in the body. Regular training will reduce medication intake.

For type 2 diabetes, the most useful activities are swimming, rowing, skiing, and running. The physical training program should include cardio and weight training. In this case, the work of the heart and blood vessels stabilizes, the pressure normalizes. All exercises should be done with pleasure, otherwise, they will not bring the appropriate result.

Healthy recipes

It is important for diabetics to eat properly. The base should be vegetables, fruits, berries.

Vegetarian pepper

You will need:

• half a cup of brown rice;
• 6 medium peppers;
• 2 large carrots;
• 1 medium onion;
• a bunch of greenery;
• salt and black pepper (to taste);
• 1 tbsp. spoon of tomato paste;
• 1 tbsp. water.

Cooking procedure:

• Cook the rice until half cooked.
• Chop the onion, chop the carrot.
• Free paprika from seeds.
• Mix rice, onions, and carrots put the mass in pepper.
• Take a deep frying pan, add stuffed vegetables, and pour water.
• Tongue under the lid.
• 5 minutes before cooking, add the greens, tomato paste, black pepper, and salt.

Sour cream vegetables

You will need:

• 400 g zucchini and cauliflower;
• 1 tbsp. non-fat sour cream;
• 1 tbsp. l tomato paste;
• 1 clove of garlic;
• 3 tbsp. l flour;
• 1 medium tomato;
• butter, spices, and salt (to taste).

Cooking:

1. Divide the cauliflower into inflorescences, peel the zucchini and cut into small cubes.
2. Cook the vegetables until cooked through.
3. Pour a thin layer of flour into the pan. add thickening oil.
4. Once you get the ore-colored mixture, add the tomato paste, sour cream, spices, salt.
5. Add the vegetables to the sauce. Mix.
6. Saute under the lid for 5 minutes.

By following simple rules, diabetics can lose weight and improve their quality of life. The video talks about a sample menu allowed and forbidden diabetics 2 types of products:

Low Carbohydrate Diet Menu For Type 2 Diabetes For One Week, Expert Advice

Impaired glucose metabolism, diabetes, chronic incurable disease. With medical treatment to beat diabetes, the patient must completely change their daily routine. It is not enough to take medication on time and constantly to normalize glycemia, but it is vital to follow a diet. Without it, no treatment will be effective. Nutritionists and endocrinologists have developed many recommendations for a low-carbohydrate diet. The basic guidelines are summarized in the diet. Table no. 9 is intended for type 2 diabetes.

Use of low-carbohydrate diets for diabetes

A low-carb diet for type 2 diabetes, a weekly menu that every patient can find on any of the many diets about nutrition. But it is best to follow the classic diet number 9 which describes in detail all the most important principles of the diet of diabetics.

Important! Low carb foods are those foods that include only complex carbohydrates.

What does that mean? The complexity of carbohydrates is the length of its chain of simple carbohydrates and the rate at which it breaks down during digestion. The diet menu also includes fiber - a dietary fiber that is excreted unchanged from the body and not digested.

Diet number 9 is a diet that the patient follows throughout his life. If stabilization is possible, doctors recommend a slight weakening of the regimen and allow the addition of some relatively contraindicated products occasionally.

In all other cases, only strict dietary control can ensure a stable course of the disease.

The main indications for the appointment of treatment table no. 9:

• Mild or moderate diabetes;
• obesity.

In severe cases of the disease, light carbohydrates are completely excluded from the diet. Concomitant diseases are discussed with dietary changes. Table no. 9 is shown only in the case of a generally stable state.

What are the diet and its results with type 2 disease?

The basic principle of a diabetic diet is to provide the body with all the necessary nutrients but limiting the intake of light carbohydrates and fats. Such a diet should contain fiber, vitamins, minerals, proteins, and complex carbohydrates, fatty acids. The diet must be combined with the dose and timing of taking hypoglycaemic drugs or insulin to avoid glucose spikes.

A study of patients eating in accordance with this hospital diet showed that the general condition, like all indicators, normalizes much faster if the patient follows all nutritional needs.

Low carb foods, a list of diabetics and obese people include not only a description of the caloric content of the food, but also the most appropriate way of cooking.

Basic principles of nutrition no. 9:

• Complete rejection of products with a high glycemic index;
• As sweeteners, use only glucose-free sweeteners, natural or artificial, in strictly limited quantities;
• The daily diet is divided into 5-6 small meals. This is necessary to evenly distribute food consumption throughout the day and avoid feeling hungry;
• Approximate caloric content per day - 2300-2700 kcal, can vary depending on body weight, sex, age, physical activity, related diseases;
• Periodic consultations with a physician and monitoring of blood biochemistry.

Prohibited and permitted products

To make the right diet for diabetics, it is worth remembering which foods are allowed and which are contraindicated for use.

Permitted products and methods for their preparation:

1. Vegetables and greens in unlimited quantities, other than potatoes, preferably fresh;
2. Low-fat poultry or veal. It is possible in the form of steamed cutlets, boiled, stewed, or baked;
3. Some fruits, 2-3 pieces a day (apples, apricots, peaches, plums), fresh or in compotes, jellies, juices without sugar;
4. Vegetables and butter 20-30 grams per day;
5. Low-fat dairy products (milk, kefir, cottage cheese);
6. Cereals cooked in water (barley, millet, buckwheat, oatmeal);
7. Hard noodles;
8. Weak tea or coffee once a day;
9. Every day a child must have nuts or seeds that are high in fatty acids;
10. Some products are prescribed specifically for weight loss (green buckwheat, Jerusalem artichoke, chicory) due to the inulin in the composition;
11. Baked or baked fish with low fat.

List of prohibited products:

• Fatty dark meat, especially fried;
• sweets;
• Fast food;
• Potatoes, bananas, grapes, some dried fruit;
• Rice, porridge are allowed only in small quantities;
• Preserved foods, acidic products, dried, salted;
• Sweet yogurts, sour cream, cream;
• Butter products with flour;
• Soft varieties of pasta.

Calorie allowed food

A calorie is the energy value of a product, this indicator estimates how much energy the body can synthesize by digesting a particular product.

In diabetes, the daily calorie intake is reduced as low as the patient's metabolic condition requires. It is usually 2400-2700 kcal, but it can vary depending on the complications, indicators of laboratory tests.

A glycated hemoglobin indicator showing the average glucose level in the last 3 months is used to assess dietary outcomes.

Carbohydrate-free foods have the lowest calorie content, so diabetes can be consumed in almost unlimited quantities. This group includes vegetables and greens. They also contain undigested fiber, which has a beneficial effect on digestion, and a feeling of fullness is quickly introduced. They must be combined with energy-rich foods.

Nutritious carbohydrate foods acceptable in diabetes - those that contain starch, are slowly broken down into glucose.

Sweeteners do not contain glucose, which is why their caloric content is much lower than other sweet foods. Therefore, natural or artificial sweeteners can often be added to desserts, which makes them dietary and more useful.

Menus for patients with type 2 disease

Table with a sample menu for a week for diabetics, in accordance with the rules of therapeutic diet no. 9.

Remember the required daily amount of fluid, depending on age, weight, and body condition, this volume varies from 1000-3000 ml per day.

All food intake should be combined with medications, except snacks that are designed to avoid hunger and hypoglycemia.

Meat recipes

There are many recipes on the Internet for a low-carbohydrate diet for diabetics and people with obesity.

A treasure trove of protein, which is the main source of energy in diabetes, is found in meat that must be cooked properly in order to leave the maximum amount of nutrients in it.

Since diabetes is contraindicated in fried foods, meat can be stewed, cooked, baked. A few common simple recipes allow you to not worry about the usefulness and nutritional value of a meat dish. In diabetes, almost any properly cooked meat is allowed.

1. Pork flour with cauliflower. Cauliflower - a dietary vegetable with a long list of nutrients in the composition. Pork is chosen as lean as possible, separating all the veins of fat before cooking. By cutting the meat into small pieces, dividing the cabbage into inflorescences, they can be fried for a few minutes on high heat without oil until a "fading" appears, then covered and simmered until cooked, preferably longer. Spice, salt, and garlic are added to taste.
2. Low-fat beef goes well with almost all vegetables. Tomatoes, zucchini, onions, garlic, peppers cut and mix with slices of veal, put in the oven, pour a little olive oil and sprinkle with spices, bake at 180 degrees for about 2 hours.
3. Steaming chicken or turkey cutlets. It is advisable to cook minced meat yourself so that you know about its composition and avoid the entry of fat. Mix minced meat with onion, garlic, spices and salt, egg, a tablespoon of starch per 0.5 kg of minced meat. Cook in a double boiler for 25-30 minutes.
4. Cooked meat does not taste the same as roasted or roasted. But it is very useful to use for soups. The main thing is to make sure that there is not a little fat in the meat.

To prevent complications from diabetes, diet is one of the most important elements of treatment. In order to achieve the so-called "honeymoon", ie remission, proper nutrition should be maintained on a daily basis throughout the patient's life. According to patients, this becomes easy if you approach this problem with a sense of responsibility, with all your seriousness and imagination. Dietary cuisine can be both nutritious and healthy. Over time, the patient becomes physically and psychologically accustomed to this routine.

What to eat with type 2 diabetes: a weekly menu

Diabetes diet chart: diet, food

Olga Demicheva endocrinologist, author of books, member of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes,

What foods can’t you eat with type 2 diabetes? How to create a menu for each day of diabetes, suspected or obesity? Endocrinologist Olga Demicheva talks about diet in type 2 diabetes, which is an important component of treatment.

Unlike type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), there is usually no cheerful debate followed by thirst, copious urination, weight loss, or severe weakness in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Usually, the disease has been almost asymptomatic for several years, so more than half of the people who have diabetes in the world are unaware of their disease. And they don’t know about it until the first complications appear or until they accidentally discover elevated blood glucose levels.

Physical activity in T2DM

Weak physical activity (lack of exercise) is the mortal enemy of civilized humanity. Regular exercise is important for treating obesity, lowering hyperglycemia, normalizing blood pressure, and preventing coronary heart disease.

In T2DM, the fight against physical inactivity is especially relevant. The fact is that with hyperdynamic the muscles stop actively using glucose, and it is stored in the form of fat. The more fat accumulates, the lower the sensitivity of cells to insulin. It has been proven that you can find insulin resistance in 25% of people who lead a sedentary lifestyle.

Regular muscle activity in itself leads to metabolic changes that reduce insulin resistance. To achieve a therapeutic effect, it is sufficient to practice daily 30-minute intense walking or 3-4 times a week to run for 20-30 minutes, preferably 1-1.5 hours after meals, which helps reduce insulin resistance and better control glycemia.

You can conduct an independent “experiment” using a household glucometer and observe how glycemia decreases after 15 minutes of physical activity.

For medical questions, consult your doctor first.

Sample menu for diabetics for a week

Dietary differences for type 1 and 2 diabetes

In addition to the pathology of any type of medical diet, food has several common goals:

However, there are differences between diets for patients.

When compiling the daily diet, the patient must be guided by data on the units of "bread". Appropriate tables are always available in hospitals. It is important that the number of “bread units” in the same meals, for example, breakfast or lunch, always match each day.

Read What sweets can diabetes eat