The Diabetic Diet Plan
What exactly is a diabetic diet, what is possible and what is not, and a table of product attributes these concepts should be known and applied in practice for each patient. Despite the fact that the first and second types have a common main feature - high blood sugar, they are two different diseases.
In the first type, patients are completely dependent on insulin injections, and the diet is based on its application. Diabetics should examine the presence of carbohydrates (bread) in food to determine the dose of hormones that will help them absorb. In the second type of disease, it is important to know the glycemic index - the rate of increase in blood glucose. This affects the release of insulin, the risk of damage to blood vessels, the development of complications.
Dietary rules for type 1 diabetes.
Most patients have been prescribed two types of insulin - prolonged and short-acting. With that in mind, a diet was built.
Meal regimen and amount of carbohydrates
Eating six times a day is a must for a diabetic one is three main meals and the other medium meals. There should be two breakfasts, two dinners, lunch, and snacks. Insulin is given half an hour before a meal, thus knowing what to eat and how much to eat is critical for the assimilation of carbs in meals. For each main meal, you need to eat more than 5-6 loaves (HE) and 2-3 for a supplement. One XE is equal to about 12 g of carbohydrates, and one unit of insulin is needed to be able to enter the cells.
The calculation of the insulin required for 5 XE assimilation is performed as follows:
- Blood sugar is measured;
- Compares the result with the target glycemic level;
- For 5 heh you need 5 units of short insulin, if the patient has sugar above the norm, but add a dose to reduce this amount, and if it is lower than recommended, then take it.
Example: A blood glucose meter showed 8.5 mmol / l of glucose 30 minutes before a meal, and the patient was recommended 6.5 mmol / l. To reduce it, he needs 1 IU of insulin and another 5 for food assimilation. Introduces 6 hormone units. At the level of 4.5 units of "food" we subtract one, that is, we ingest 4 IU of insulin. At first, such calculations are experienced with difficulty, but after a short time, patients are able to determine the required number of HEs "by eye". Simplified condition and naming of two types of insulin. Then enough to know the total number of carbohydrates per day.
It is recommended that all reference materials are always at hand in order to quickly orient in the parts of the food and the necessary doses of hormones for their absorption. Most often, patients place the table on the refrigerator. It is important to know that in just one day you need to eat more than 300 grams of carbohydrates with an average caloric intake of 2500 Kcal, or about 50% of the energy the body receives from carbohydrates. In diabetes, they have to work with protein and fat in one meal. The following table shows the weight of 1 XU and the number of carbohydrates per 100 g of the most common foods.
What is a "free" diet for type 1 diabetes?
Patients on intensified insulin therapy (two types of medication) can afford some “services,” provided they maintain the required blood and urine glucose levels. Diabetologists have come to this conclusion, and some of them allow diabetics to eat everything. It should be noted that even healthy people are harmful to sugar and flour, and in metabolic disorders, the risk of vascular complications increases many times when consumed. If it makes sense to expand the diet, then at the expense of fruits, berries, and vegetables to enrich the diet with vitamins.
Proteins and fats
The amount of protein should be at the level of 1.2 per 1 kg of body weight, with high physical effort, this rate may increase, while in kidney disease the amount of protein in the diet decreases. In the first type of disease, all types of plant and animal proteins are allowed.
Fat makes up about 30% of calories. Lipids of the different structures are allowed, but more than 70% of fatty acids must be in unsaturated form - fish, seeds, nuts, vegetable oil. In the case of lipid metabolism disorders, fatty and fried foods are forbidden.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 diet table and treatment
More serious restrictions are needed for insulin-dependent disease. This is due to the fact that this form usually occurs on the background of obesity, and in the blood, they detect not only high glucose levels but also insulin. It is important for patients to reduce the sugar content, in order to prevent its sudden increase. Only in this case, it is possible to avoid vascular complications or delay their appearance as much as possible.
Glycemic index
One of the criteria for a balanced diet is the glycemic index. It reflects the ability of carbohydrates to enter the body and causes a rapid increase in sugar. All products consisting of carbohydrates are divided into three groups:
- The high glycemic index (GI) from 100 (pure glucose) to 70, they should be removed from the diet as much as possible;
- Average GI - from 69 to 40, you can eat them, but in limited quantities, be included in the composition of meals with protein, fat or dietary fiber;
- Low GI - up to 40, recommended as a major source of carbohydrates.
Values are calculated based on sugar measurements in diabetics. Individual values do not always match, so when introducing products with high GI values into the menu, always check your blood sugar level two hours after a meal. This will help create an individual menu for effective diabetes control.
The product table may or may not be
Building a diet for diabetes, what is possible and what cannot be determined according to the table is very simple. This includes the basic foods used for type 2 diabetics.
Note: s * products are excluded from the diet of diabetics with the decompensated course of the disease, obesity.
A memo for a diabetic patient
Diet can be comfortable and easy if you know what you can lose and gain as a result. In order for such a menu to be pleasant, in the case of diabetes, the reminder for the patient should be placed within the limits of daily visibility and periodically re-read:
- With sugar and white flour, there is no component that the body needs, if you reject them, the condition of the skin improves, aging slows down, and bone tissue becomes stronger.
- Focus on what you can eat without limits - starchy vegetables, all kinds of salads, greens, drinks, and desserts on stevia. Prepare a large bowl of salad and eat it over fish, tofu, Adyghe cheese.
- If there is a feeling of hunger between meals, then you enter the diet with bran, contribute to the feeling of fullness and clean the intestines, and half an hour before a meal drink water with a slice of lemon.
- Food must be freshly cooked, warm, and whet your appetite. To do this, add spices to dishes, herbs.
- It takes 21 days to acquire any habit, set yourself a goal to maintain a proper diet during this period, then it will be much easier.
- Prohibitions don’t work, something that can’t arouse even stronger interest than before the restrictions. Just choose the right products in the store, and even better - in the vegetable market.
- To reject a harmful but favorite product, find information about it, watch a video, why you can't eat it, write (!) Ten reasons why you should get rid of it, re-read the list, and add new items to it.
- Physical activity is the best way to tone the body, and diabetes is considered a therapeutic factor. If there are no contraindications, then first in the fresh air for at least half an hour. If you add 5-10 minutes every day at that time, then you can significantly reduce the risk of vascular diseases.
Make a menu with a choice
- Oatmeal with bran, green tea;
- Salad of grated carrots and sour cream, chocolate from sunflower seeds, chicory;
- Cream broccoli soup with cream and vegetables, boiled fish with Greek-style salad;
- Chocolate chips, cheese, yogurt;
- Boiled chicken, boiled cabbage with mushrooms, agar jelly agar with blueberries and stevia;
- Kefir with rye bread.
Sunflower sweets
To prepare a diet dessert you will need:
- Sunflower seeds - 100 g,
- An apple is a delicious one
- Cinnamon - half a teaspoon,
- Coconut chips - 30 g,
- Stevia - 5 tablets,
- Dried apricots - 5 pieces,
- Hazelnut - 10 pieces.
Pour boiling water over dried apricots and leave for half an hour. Stevia dissolved in a tablespoon of water. Peel an apple, chop, and cook with a solution of stevia, add cinnamon and puree. Crush sunflower seeds with a coffee grinder until flour, combine with apple sauce. It should be plastic. If it is very thick, then you can add a little water to it, which was dried apricots.
Read Healthy diet for diabetes
Cut dried apricots in half, put hazelnuts in each half. On a plate covered with plastic wrap, spread on a tablespoon of seeds, form a cake and put dried apricots with walnuts in the middle, roll the ball, roll in coconut chips. To speed up the process, you can chop dried apricots and nuts, adding them to the total mixture. At one time with another type of diabetes, you can eat 3-4 pieces of sweets.
They want agar with blueberries
For blueberry jellies you need to take:
- Blueberries - 200 g,
- Agar-agar - a teaspoon without a tip,
- Water - one glass,
- Stevia - 7 tablets.
Agar-agar pours half a glass of water and let stand for one hour. Put blueberries, stevia, and remaining water on medium heat, after it has boiled. Strain the berries and mortar through a sieve. Connect with swollen agar and ignite, bring to a boil. Pour into molds and freeze them, put them in the refrigerator.
Sugar indicators for type 2 diabetes
Diabetes is a fairly common disease associated with the hormone insulin, which is produced in the beta cells of a particular part of the pancreas. There are two types of disease that differ in the mechanism of development: insulin-dependent (type 1) and insulin-independent (type 2). In the first case, iron does not produce the appropriate amount of enzymes, in the second - the body's cells can not properly perceive the hormone. Regardless of the type of disease, the changes are reflected in the results of the sugar analysis. What should be the blood sugar level in an insulin-independent form of the disease?
Healthy body indicators
If we are talking about a healthy adult, then the sugar level is normal within 3.33-5.55 mmol / l. These figures are not affected by the patient's gender, but are somewhat different in children:
- From birth to 1 year the rate is 2.8 to 4.4 mmol / l;
- From 12 months to 5 years, the rate varies from 3.3 to 5 mmol / l.
In addition, experts distinguish the pre-diabetic period that precedes the development of the disease and which is accompanied by a slight increase in performance. However, such a change is not enough for a doctor to diagnose diabetes.
Table No. 1. Indicators in the pre-diabetic state
A table of such indicators helps the patient determine how close he is to develop a serious illness and can avoid more serious consequences.
A sampling of the material for the above analysis is done from the finger, but the indicators of blood glucose from capillaries and veins are somewhat different. In addition, the blood from the vein is examined longer, the result is usually given the day after delivery.
Changes in sugar levels are not associated with diabetes
There are numerous physiological and pathological phenomena when the blood glucose indicator deviates from the norm, but diabetes does not develop.
An increase in blood glucose may occur due to the following physiological factors:
- Abnormal physical activity;
- Sedentary lifestyle with little or no physical exertion;
- Frequent stress;
- Tobacco smoking;
- Rinsing;
- The abnormality can also occur after consuming a large amount of food consisting of simple carbohydrates;
- Use of steroid drugs;
- Premenstrual syndrome;
- Sometime after meals;
- Drinking large amounts of alcoholic beverages;
- Diuretic therapy as well as hormonal contraceptives.
In addition to diabetes mellitus, blood glucose levels can also change compared to other diseases:
- Pheochromocytoma (intensively secreting adrenaline and norepinephrine);
- Diseases of the endocrine system (thyrotoxicosis, Cushing's disease);
- Pancreatic pathology;
- Liver cirrhosis;
- Hepatitis;
- liver cancer, etc.
Normal glucose for type 2 diabetes
The blood sugar rate in non-insulin-dependent diabetes does not differ from that in a healthy person. This form of the disease in the initial stages does not involve sharp jumps in sugar, so the symptoms of the disease are not as bright as in other types of disease. Most often, people learn about their disease after testing.
How Many Carbohydrates Are There In Type II Diabetes?
The main principle of the diet in diabetes mellitus is to reduce metabolic disorders to normal, which requires some self-preparation of patients with lifestyle changes.
Normalization of blood glucose in patients improves all types of metabolism, especially tissues begin to assimilate glucose better, and even (in some patients) reparative (regenerative) processes take place in the pancreas. In the pre-insulin period, diet therapy was the only treatment for diabetes, but its value has not diminished in our time. The need for the patient to appoint sugar-lowering drugs in tablet form arises (or lasts) only if the high glucose content is not reduced after the course of dietary therapy and normalization of body weight. If lowering your sugar does not help, your doctor will prescribe insulin therapy.
Sometimes patients are advised to completely abandon simple sugars, but clinical studies do not confirm this call. The sugar in the composition of food increases blood glucose (blood glucose content) is not greater than the amount of starch equivalent in calories and weight. In this way, advice on the use of glycemic index (GI) tables of food loses its credibility, especially because some patients with diabetes do not have complete or severe deprivation of sweets.
Read Insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes
Occasionally consuming sweets or cakes does not allow the patient to feel their inferiority (especially because it is not present). Greater importance than GI products, their total amount, carbohydrates contained in them without division into simple and complex. But the patient needs to know the total amount of carbohydrates consumed per day, and only a doctor can correctly determine that individual rate, based on tests and observations. In diabetes, the proportion of carbohydrates in the patient's diet can be reduced (up to 40% in calories instead of the usual 55%), but not lower.
Today, with the development of mobile phone applications, which allow, by simple manipulations, the number of carbohydrates in the intended food for consumption, this amount can be specified directly in grams, which will require pre-weighing the product or container, studying the label (eg protein bar), Help the menu of the catering company, or know the weight and composition of meals based on the accumulated experience.
A similar lifestyle now, after diagnosis, is your norm, and it must be taken.
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