Hyperglycemia Symptoms (Treatment and Prevention)

An increase in blood sugar requires mandatory medical care. This condition is not diabetes yet, but it can spread to or precede dangerous pathology. 

Timely initiation of therapy can often prevent the condition from progressing, restore normal blood counts, and prevent diabetes. Hyperglycemia significantly increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes at any age.

What is hyperglycemia?

Hyperglycemia - an increase in blood glucose

Hyperglycemia is a condition in which there is an increase in blood sugar, due to which the work of internal organs is disrupted and nerve endings are damaged. The phenomenon is observed if the intake of glucose in the tissues is lower than its production.

 The body receives gradual intoxication, which, if the problem is not eliminated in time, becomes dangerous. With a small increase in sugar, there is no harm to the body so the person does not notice changes in the body and does not seek medical help.

Why blood sugar rises

The most common cause of hyperglycemia is diabetes

There are many reasons why there can be an increase in blood sugar. Therefore, when detecting a violation of the blood picture, a complete examination of the patient is needed to determine the cause of the failure in glucose absorption and, if necessary, prescribe treatment. The main causes of high blood sugar are:

• taking large amounts of over-the-counter medications;
• hormonal disorders in the body;
• Cushing's syndrome;
• stroke;
• smoking;
• excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages;
• severe excessive physical exertion;
• diabetes;
• severe lesions of the intestines and stomach;
• liver disease
• chronic stress;
• excessive consumption of sugar and flour products;
• long-term use of contraceptives;
• thyroid pathology;
• premenstrual syndrome;
• breastfeeding period.

Also, hereditary predisposition and chronic intoxication of the body with chemical toxins partially affect blood sugar levels.

Symptoms and signs of hyperglycemia

Frequent urination is a symptom of hyperglycemia.

An increase in blood glucose in most cases manifests itself in several symptoms. With a slight violation, a pronounced picture of deterioration is rare. The main symptoms of hyperglycemia are:

• constant strong thirst;
• persistent feeling of dryness in the oral cavity;
• frequent urination, especially at night;
• weight loss or gain;
• hangover;
• excessive fatigue;
• severe weakness;
• itchy skin;
• visual impairment;
• headaches;
• the pronounced odor of acetone from the mouth;
• increasing the healing period of any skin damage;
• weakened immunity;
• decreased sex drive.

Why high sugar is dangerous

Diabetic target organ - kidneys

The danger of the condition is related to its complications. The main consequences of hyperglycemia are:

• coma,
• ketoacidosis,
• gangrene of the lower extremities,
• renal pathology,
• blindness.

How to determine blood sugar

Glucose test - a simple and affordable diagnostic method

The blood glucose level is determined during its analysis. At the same time, blood sampling is carried out twice - the first time on an empty stomach, and then two hours later the second time after previously drinking the glucose solution.

To obtain reliable information during the study, the patient needs prior preparation. Its main phases are:

• refusal of alcoholic beverages, fatty and fried 2 days before blood donation;
• at least 12 hours must elapse between the last meal and the donation of blood;
• warning of emotional and physical stresses the day before the analysis.

If a person develops a viral infection before the analysis, the date of the procedure is postponed. If you need to take medication, tell your doctor.

Diet for hyperglycemia

Diet gives a positive result

A certain diet is needed to detect elevated blood sugar levels. With it, rich soups, pastries, fatty meats and fish, pickles, marinades, smoked meats, fried foods, and high-sugar fruits are excluded from the diet. Food should be eaten in small meals several times a day and at about the same time.

What to do with high-sugar

Once high sugar is identified, an integrated approach to problem-solving is needed. At the same time, in addition to diet, medical-gymnastics, regular exposure to fresh air, and, if prescribed by a doctor. 

Taking blood sugar-lowering medications are required. The gymnastics course is chosen by a specialist, depending on the general condition of the patient.

Prevention of high blood sugar

Normalization of body weight - excellent prevention

To reduce the likelihood of disturbances in blood counts and spikes in glucose levels, doctors recommend a balanced diet, quitting smoking and alcohol, paying attention to exercise, and maintaining a normal weight. If there is a predisposition to pathology, it is necessary to make a preventive scheme with a doctor.

Why does blood sugar rise other than diabetes?

Glucose is the main source of energy in the body. It is formed by enzymes from carbohydrates obtained from food. Blood carries it to all cells of the body.

Decreased carbohydrate conversion, as well as glucose delivery, can lead to an increase in blood glucose.

The conversion of carbohydrates into glucose is carried out by several biological processes, insulin and other hormones affect its content in the body. Apart from diabetes, the reasons for the increase in blood sugar can be other.

Blood rates

Blood sugar levels are not constant, its value is affected by various factors. The norm is considered to be 3.5-5.5 mmol/liter. Blood taken from a finger has a lower rate than venous.

The normative indicator in children is 2.8-4.4 mmol/liter.

Above the permissible limit for the elderly, as well as for pregnant women. Blood sugar levels fluctuate throughout the day and depending on the meal. 

Some conditions in the body can lead to increased sugar levels (hyperglycemia), there are other diseases besides diabetes, for which this is characteristic.

Physiological increase in sugar

Many factors can cause an increase in glucose.

This can happen to a completely healthy person in the following cases:

1. With an unbalanced diet high in carbohydrates. In a healthy body, the increase in indicators will be temporary, insulin will return everything to normal. With an excessive passion for sweets, you should think about the inevitability of obesity and the deterioration of blood vessels.
2. When you are taking certain medications. These include non-selective beta-blockers, some diuretics, and glucocorticoids.
3. Stress and excessive physical and mental stress lead to loss of immunity, impaired hormone production, and slowing of metabolic processes. It is known that during excitement and stress, the production of glucagon, an insulin antagonist, increases.
4. Insufficient physical activity (lack of exercise) causes metabolic disorders.

With severe pain, especially with burns.

In women, an increase in blood sugar may also be associated with premenstrual syndrome. Alcohol use causes hyperglycemia.

Pathological causes of increased blood glucose

Glucose obtained in the digestive organs not only enters the cells but also accumulates in the liver and cortical part of the kidneys. If necessary, it is removed from the organs and enters the blood.

Glucose regulation is carried out by the nervous, endocrine systems, adrenal glands, pancreas, and part of the brain - the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Therefore, it is difficult to answer the question of which body is responsible for high sugar.

Failure of all these complex mechanisms can lead to pathology.

• diseases of the digestive tract, in which carbohydrates are not broken down in the body, in particular, postoperative complications;
• infectious lesions of various organs that disrupt metabolism;
• liver damage (hepatitis and others), such as glycogen storage;
• impaired glucose absorption into blood vessel cells;
• inflammatory and other diseases of the pancreas, adrenal glands, brain;
• hypothalamic injuries, including those obtained during medical manipulations;
• hormonal disorders.

Short-term increase in indicators occurs with epileptic seizures, heart attacks, and angina pectoris. If your blood sugar has risen above normal, it does not always mean diabetes.

Some people have a steady rise in glucose. However, this value does not reach the figure at which diabetes is diagnosed. This condition is called a drop in glucose tolerance (from 5.5 to 6.1 mmol / l).

This condition is formally classified as prediabetes. In 5% of cases, it ends in type 2 diabetes. At-risk are usually obese people.

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Symptoms of hyperglycemia

How can I understand that a person has high blood sugar?

• Increased urination and urination.
• Reduced vision.
• Constant desire to drink, dry mouth. You need to drink even at night.
• Nausea and headache.
• Significant increase in appetite and amount of food consumed. At the same time, body weight is reduced, sometimes significantly.
• Lethargy and drowsiness, constant weakness, and bad mood.
• Dry and flaky skin, slow healing of wounds and injuries, even the smallest. Wounds often swell, and furunculosis can develop.

Women with high blood sugar often develop infectious genital lesions, which are difficult to treat. Unreasonable itching sometimes occurs in the vagina and mucous membranes. Men develop impotence.

A sharp rise in the indicator (up to 30 mmol / L) leads to a rapid deterioration. Convulsions, loss of orientation, and reflexes are observed. The work of the heart is deteriorating, normal breathing is impossible. Coma can come.

Patients often do not understand this, which leads to a deterioration in well-being. Close sometimes the more noticeable changes that happen to a person.

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How to distinguish high blood sugar?

The causes and indicators of high blood glucose are determined by a laboratory test called the glucose tolerance test (TSH). In the morning on an empty stomach, a blood sample is taken to determine the indicator. 

After that, the person is given a glucose solution, and after 2 hours a second blood test is done.

Usually, just add sweetened drinking water. Sometimes glucose is given intravenously. The test is performed in biochemical laboratories. It is also possible to conduct research with a home blood glucose meter.

Special preparation is required before the procedure, as many life factors and diet can distort the correct picture.

To get informative results, you must:

• do an analysis on an empty stomach, you can not eat 8-12 hours, no more than 14;
• do not drink alcohol for several days, do not smoke before the test;
• follow the recommended diet for a while;
• avoid excessive loads and stresses;
• they refuse to take medications - hormones, burning sugar, and more.

After taking glucose, you must spend 2 hours at rest before the next blood sample. The test is not performed if a simple blood test shows a sugar level higher than 7.0 mmol / L. A high score already indicates diabetes.

The study is not performed in acute somatic diseases and, if necessary, with the continuous use of certain drugs, especially diuretics, and glucocorticosteroids.

Analysis      Blood         Plasma

Norm        eleven       > 11.1

Disorders of glucose metabolism can also determine indicators of other compounds that will help you understand why there was an increase in sugar levels:

• amylin - regulates glucose levels along with insulin;
• incretin - regulates insulin production;
• glycohemoglobin - reflects glucose production over three months;
• glucagon - a hormone, insulin antagonist.

The tolerance test is informative but requires careful adherence to all rules of conduct before blood sampling.

Ways to reduce rates

If diabetes is not diagnosed, the reasons for the increase in glucose levels need to be determined. If the problems are caused by taking medication, the doctor should choose other medications to treat.

For diseases of the digestive tract, liver, or hormonal disorders, methods of therapy are being developed that, in addition to treating the underlying disease, stabilize sugar and bring it back to normal. 

If it is not possible to lower the indicator, insulin or sugar-burning medications are prescribed.

Ways to reduce sugar are specially selected diet, physical activity, and medication.

Diet

The development of diet helps to normalize the composition of the blood, and sometimes completely solve the problem. To stabilize glucose, diet no. 9. Diet is recommended in small meals 5-6 times a day. You should not starve. Products need to control glycemic index and calories.

You can eat lean meats, poultry, and fish. Foods rich in fiber are helpful. It is necessary to exclude alcohol.

There are groups of products that should be excluded from the menu, some - used infrequently and with caution.

• sausages (all including cooked sausages and sausages);
• baking, cookies;
• sweets, sugar, jams;
• fatty meats, fish;
• butter, cheese, greasy cheese.

You can use it in moderation, reducing the portion by 2 times:

• bread, bread;
• fruit, preferring sour;
• pasta;
• potatoes;
• mash.

Doctors recommend eating lots of vegetables fresh, boiled, and steamed. Cereals are worth giving up porridge and rice. The most useful is barley porridge. Almost all cereals can be used. However, you should not eat instant grains or granola, you should use only natural grains.

Rich soups are contraindicated, it is better to eat vegetables. Low-fat meat and fish can be cooked separately and added to the soup. Despite many limitations, you can eat a variety.

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Physical education and sports

Moderate exercise in a pleasant sport helps to improve metabolic processes in the body. These should not be improved workouts.

You should choose a comfortable and not difficult method:

• walking
• swimming - in summer in an open tank, at other times in the pool;
• skiing, bicycles, boats - according to the season and occupations;
• Swedish walking or running;
• yoga.

Classes should not be intensive, but always regular. Duration - from half an hour to one and a half.

If necessary, the doctor selects medications to lower glucose.

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Phytotherapy

Some plants, fruits, and roots will help you successfully lower your sugar levels:

1. Pour bay leaves (10 pieces) into a thermos and pour 200 ml of boiling water. Leave to stand for 24 hours. Drink a cup warm 4 times a day.
2. 1 tbsp. spoon of chopped horseradish is poured with 200 ml of yogurt or kefir. Take a tablespoon three times daily before meals.
3. 20 grams of walnut partition walls are boiled in a glass of water for an hour on low heat. Reception - a spoonful three times daily before meals. You can store the soup in the refrigerator for a few days.
4. Strawberries and blueberries give a good effect. 2 tbsp. spoons of raw materials pour a glass of boiling water, insist an hour. Take ½ cup before meals.

It should be borne in mind that after the first cases of pathology will have to constantly monitor blood sugar levels. Visits to the doctor and laboratory should be regular. 

This indicator is important for determining the stability and correctness of metabolic processes in the body. Significant excess or decrease in glucose leads to serious consequences for the patient.