Blood Sugar Level Chart

Blood Sugar Levels in a healthy person

Again, we consider blood sugar, the norm in older women and the value table is slightly lower. What should be the blood sugar in a healthy person? Knowing the correct answer allows a person to independently assess the level of glycemia by regular home monitoring of blood sugar.

The long-term existence of deviations in the concentration from the standard values threatens serious consequences. Therefore, the sooner a person notices a deviation from the norm, the easier it will be to determine and eliminate the cause. For ease of understanding, the article presents a table of normal blood sugar levels in women by age.

The importance of sugar control

 Received carbohydrates with food are cut down into glucose and other simple sugars. They are absorbed from intestinal cells and then enter the systemic circulation. To produce energy for metabolic processes simple sugar is made use in the human body.

The most sensitive to blood sugar levels are the tissues of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

A drop in blood sugar leads to anxiety, anxiety. Heart rhythm disorders, tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, dilated pupils, spatial disorientation, skin and muscle sensitivity disorders, vomiting, dizziness, severe hunger, focal neurological symptoms, etc.

An increase in blood sugar, dry mouth, itching, dry skin, heart rhythm disorders, strong thirst, blurred vision, reduced regenerative abilities of the skin and mucous membranes, reduced immunity, etc. occur.

Otherwise, insulin controls the process of glucose from the blood directly into the tissue, as well as the function of energy reserves of fat cells in the form of short-term reserves - glycogen or triglycerides. The human body tries to compensate for excess sugars by excreting them along with urine and actively excreting insulin.

A significant change in blood sugar and insulin levels is fraught with coma or death due to severe internal organ disorders. At the same time, high and low concentrations of the substance are equally life-threatening.

When should I test?

The patient receives a referral from a general practitioner, endocrinologist, cardiologist, gynecologist, gastroenterologist, or surgeon. The analysis is desirable when:

annual preventive diagnostic examination of women. It is carried out to detect diabetes as early as possible since the disease is characterized by minor symptoms at an early stage. Despite the genetic predisposition to pathology, it can manifest in absolutely any person;

• prediabetic condition when the blood sugar level is lower than in people with diabetes but more than the allowable norm;
• established fact of diabetes. In this case, the patient must measure his blood sugar daily;
• fainting of unclear etiology to exclude the patient's critically low blood sugar;
• symptoms of low or high blood sugar;
• pregnancy to rule out gestational diabetes. If detected, analysis becomes mandatory during pregnancy and after childbirth;
• comprehensive review along with insulin and C-peptide analysis.

How is a blood sugar test performed?

Normal blood sugar levels are determined according to the standardized methodology of the WHO in 2006. The essence of the enzymatic (hexokinase) method is to perform two consecutive reactions. 

First, with the help of a catalyst, the reaction of creating glucose-6-phosphate is realized, and then its enzymatic conversion into 6-fascogluconate. The reaction continues by reducing the coenzyme NAD + to NADH -, whose synthesis rate can be improved at a wavelength of 340 nm.

The optimality of the analytical specificity of this technique, its reliability, and its efficiency have been experimentally determined and proven. Compliance with these criteria has enabled it to rise to the status of a norm for measuring acceptable levels of sugar in human blood.

Capillary or venous blood

Laboratory tests are performed on blood plasma veins or capillaries. Preference should be given to venous blood because the risk of hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells in vitro) is minimized, which can impair the results. 

In addition, the collection of venous blood by modern vacuum systems completely eliminates its contact with the environment and minimizes errors.

Capillary blood must be collected so that the droplets from the finger drip freely into the tube. However, taking biomaterials in this way is quite difficult even for an adult, and for young girls, it is practically impossible.

A finger blood test is considered an express method, its use allows daily self-monitoring of the considered value. The measuring device is a glucometer with test strips. For more accurate results, venous blood should be given. It should be borne in mind that the normal value of the index finger and vein is slightly different.

Symptoms of high blood sugar in an adult

Elevated glucose is marked by the medical term hyperglycemia, and deficiency is hypoglycemia. Signs of high blood sugar in adults:

• Frequent urination, especially at night;
• Even small wounds on the body heal long enough;
• Fatigue or chronic fatigue;
• Drop in the mood for no objective reason, depression;
• Sharp mood swings;
• Frequent infectious diseases;
• Weight loss (while maintaining a normal appetite);
• Severe dryness of the skin and mucous membranes;
• Intense thirst;
• Skin rash, often with severe itching;
• Decreased sensitivity of the hands or feet.

The combined or isolated manifestation of the above symptoms is a good reason to consult a doctor for analysis.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

If the glucose level falls beneath typical, the individual is stressed over unreasonable perspiring, wooziness or cerebral pain, successive shortcomings, as well as extreme craving or sickness, peevishness, shudder appendages or tension, confusion in space, convulsive side effects, heart musicality problems, and heart mood problems. expanded pressure, infringement of skin responsiveness, and so on.

Blood sugar - a table of norms for women by age

The reasonable degree of glucose is not entirely set in stone by going to the doctor for every lady, considering her age. The review should be led solely while starving, somewhere around 8 hours after the last feast. Typical upsides of the rules after dinners were determined, be that as it may, this information has no demonstrative importance for the doctor.

Important: Normal values for venous and capillary blood are somewhat different. Therefore, do not be surprised if the value of the indicator differs during the measurement of venous and capillary blood glucose levels.

The table summarizes the allowable values ​​of the blood index values ​​from the finger and vein, depending on the age of the woman.

Normal postprandial glucose concentrations (1-2 hours) range from 7.5 to 8.5 mmol / L. You should consider what foods a woman has taken before measuring values (amounts of carbohydrates).

What does it mean if your blood sugar is 6.2 mmol / l?

This condition is a sign of adult women's health.

The blood sugar rate in women after the age of 30 differs significantly from the acceptable values after the age of 60. There are 2 reasons for this situation:

• decreased cell sensitivity to insulin;
• the presence of concomitant chronic pathologies. Their therapy often involves the use of powerful drugs, the activity of which is reflected in carbohydrate metabolism.

Is the norm of blood sugar in women after 40 years in the premenopausal phase?

No, acceptable values for patients after 40 and up to 50 years are identical to younger women, provided there is no hormonal failure.

 In the premenopausal phase, a significant change in a woman's hormonal background is observed. However, these changes should mainly affect sex hormones, not insulin.

After 60 years

Special attention to the norm of blood sugar from the finger or vein should be paid to women after 60 years. The maximum permissible value is 6.6 mmol / l, and it needs to be recalculated every year, adding 0.056 mmol / l to the norm.

What is the blood sugar level in pregnant women?

During pregnancy, glucose should contain 3.6 to 5.4 mmol / L (on an empty stomach) and 5.5 to 6 mmol / L (after a meal). At the same time, both the excess indicator and its deficiency are equally badly reflected in intrauterine development.

Increasing or decreasing glucose levels can lead to pregnancy loss, development of severe gestosis, fetal oxygen starvation, intrauterine growth retardation, etc.

Gestational diabetes mellitus can cause severe asphyxia in the newborn, damage to its nervous tissues and internal organs, intrauterine death of the fetus, development of hypoglycemia and newborns, etc.

What raises blood sugar and how to lower it?

 The primary driver of hyper-and hypoglycemia is diabetes. With an undeniable expansion in glucose levels, hyperosmolar extreme lethargies (hyperglycemic trance-like state) may be created. Treatment is the quick organization of insulin.

 As per measurements, a big part of individuals with hyperosmolar extreme lethargies has not been determined to have diabetes mellitus previously. Without a trace of ideal treatment, this condition is lethal.

It is not possible to reliably determine the highest blood sugar level. The critical blood glucose level will be different for each patient.

High glucose concentration in addition to diabetes accompanies the following pathologies:

• Chronic renal failure;
• Pancreatitis or a malignant neoplasm that affects the pancreas, causing the insulin to stop secreting in the required amount;
• Violation of the thyroid gland, while hyperglycemia is reversible;
• Acromegaly - endocrine pathology, accompanied by uncontrolled soft tissue proliferation.

However, such a condition can develop not only as a result of diseases of internal organs. Strong emotional stress or excessive consumption of foods high in carbohydrates leads to high glucose levels. In addition, some drugs have similar properties: antibiotics, antifungals, oral contraceptives, and other hormone-based drugs.