Hello dear readers! It is no secret that diabetes leaves its mark on all aspects of human life. We, diabetics, must always follow a proper diet, and level of physical activity, and check our blood sugar levels several times a day.
All patients do not maintain such a rhythm of life, and many of us are simply slightly limited in food to feel like an "ordinary person". Here, too, they fall into the trap of diabetic complications.
Poor compensation for the disease leads to a person losing the ability to walk and good eyesight, think, and count every milliliter of urine excreted by the body. After reading the article, you will discover what complications of diabetes are possible and get recommendations for their prevention.
Acute - develops rapidly: in a few hours or days. They can lead to death, so it is very important to provide qualified help promptly. They are also called early complications of diabetes.
There are many different acute complications, each with its own causes and symptoms.
Ketoacidosis is a condition in which the body is unable to produce the required amount of insulin and is accompanied by an increase in blood sugar and an increase in ketone bodies.
Ketoacidosis develops very quickly and can cause serious damage to the body.
- This complication most often occurs in type 1 diabetes. It develops for the following reasons:
- If the patient has independently canceled the medication prescribed by the doctor;
- After a long interval between doses of insulin or sugar-lowering tablets;
- With exacerbation of any chronic disease;
- insufficient insulin dose;
- In case of shock;
- Any operation;
- Sepsis.
- ketosis Follows dry skin, intense thirst, increased drowsiness, and weakness. A headache occurs. Lost appetite. People often run to the toilet.
- Ketoacidosis. The odor of acetone from the mouth, fogging. The patient may respond inappropriately, and appear to be sleeping on the move. There is a pressure drop. Vomiting may occur. The frequency of urination decreases.
- Precoma. It is problematic to wake the patient while vomiting in a reddish-brown mass. Breathing becomes frequent and noisy, blush appears on the cheeks.
- Coma. Complete loss of consciousness. The skin is pale, only on the cheeks, you can see the blush. The diagnosis is noisy breathing and the smell of acetone from the mouth.
Without qualified help, ketoacidosis leads to cerebral edema and death of the patient.
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia is the reduction of sugar to low levels (below 2.8 mmol / L). If the sugar level reaches a critical point, then the patient may lose consciousness. This condition is possible in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
This condition requires an urgent response.
- Incorrectly calculated dose of insulin or sugar tablets;
- Use of alcoholic beverages;
- Excessive physical activity.
This is a very dangerous condition for diabetics, which can be recognized by the following symptoms:
- Dizziness begins;
- There is a feeling of hunger;
- Severe weakness occurs;
- Trembling hands;
- The skin becomes pale;
- An attack of cold sweat occurs.
If hypoglycemia occurs at night - in a dream you can see nightmares. The person sleeps restlessly: he starts crying, trembling, and wearing something inconsistent.
Did you have this? Experienced nocturnal hypoglycemia? Very embarrassing condition.
Therefore, it is necessary to wake the patient, if he does not wake up, and give him something sweet to drink. If help is not provided promptly, there is a risk of the person falling into a coma.
Diabetics need to know the causes and symptoms of hypoglycemia to take in portions of easily digestible carbohydrates promptly.
In the next article, we will look at which foods are easily digestible.
Late complications
The late effects of diabetes develop slowly over several years of the course of the disease. Their danger is that they are gradually worsening our situation. They develop in type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, as well as in children. What is diabetes and how to diagnose it at an early stage, read here.
Late manifestations of diabetes include:
- Retinopathy This is a lesion of the retina, which entails its separation. Gradually leads to complete loss of vision.
- Angiopathy. This is a violation of the veins, they become fragile. There is a tendency to thrombosis and atherosclerosis.
- Polyneuropathy. This is a loss of sensitivity to pain and heat in the upper and lower extremities. It is accompanied by stiffness, and burning of the arms and legs, which causes many injuries.
- Diabetic foot. This is a complication in which ulcers, ulcers, and necrotic areas appear on the legs and on the patient's feet. We will talk about diabetic foot in a separate article.
Diabetes mellitus gradually destroys our entire body and leads to the occurrence of chronic complications. Suffers from diabetes:
- Vessels. They become brittle and fragile, which sometimes increases the risk of developing vascular diseases, such as heart attack, or stroke.
- Kidneys. They gradually lose their ability to perform their jobs, resulting in chronic renal disappointment.
- Skin. Because of the reduced blood supply, the risk of trophic ulcers increases, particularly in the legs
- Nerve system. They are dependent upon tremendous changes. Frequently patients with diabetes experience the ill effects of extreme ongoing agony.
How to prevent the development of complications
These dangerous complications can await us if we do not take control of diabetes in time. After all, the main reason for the development is high blood sugar, which lasts a long time. No organ does not affect diabetes.
With good diabetes compensation, proper nutrition, and regular monitoring, there are some guarantees that complications will not develop at all or will show up at later stages. You can read about the stages of diabetes here.
Therefore, the main conditions for preventing the development and progression of the disease are the following:
- Adherence to normal blood sugar levels;
- Careful self-control;
- Timely inspection by experts.
Therefore, "It is important to make a visit." an ophthalmologist 1-2 times a year. "Why?" - you ask. After all, there are no manifestations to the eyes. You have no vision problems. Fine! But at this point, the chance of recognizing complications in time will be missed.
A neurologist should be examined at least once a year, "Complications occur more frequently.".After all, in us, diabetics, the whole nervous system suffers.
Therefore, the main method of treating complications is to maintain normal blood sugar levels! Our whole "life" depends on it
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