However, there are situations when the glucose level is 15, 20, or more units. We will analyze why this can happen, and most importantly, what to do if there is very high blood sugar.
Why does glucose rise in diabetics?
The mechanism of glucose growth in the body of diabetics can be described as follows:
- Sugar is needed in every cell of our body, without it no system or organ can function properly. We get glucose from food;
- For glucose to get from the blood into the cells, a special transport is needed - the hormone insulin, which is produced by the pancreas;
- When a person is healthy, insulin is produced in his body in exactly the amount needed, in diabetics this process is impaired;
- When there is not enough insulin, the process of transporting glucose to the destination is disrupted, the cells seem to have no reserve of energy or glucose, and they begin to starve. This happens even if the sugar content increases at this point;
- To compensate for the lack of energy, even more, sugar is released into the blood, ie the indicators continue to rise.
This condition is characterized by the fact that in an attempt to compensate for the lack of energy, the body begins to process fat reserves, releasing a dangerous type of "waste" such as ketones. When there are many ketones, they poison the body, which can lead to irreparable consequences.
How to proceed:
- if you have seen indicators 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 units on the meter, then urgent measures must be taken to reduce the marked high values. These may be sugar-lowering medicines or insulin injections. Keep in mind that independent actions are allowed only if you are an "experienced" diabetic and if you know how to inject properly and according to which scheme to take the drug. Faced with such high values for the first time it is better to call an ambulance immediately;
- with values of 21-25 units, the risk of a diabetic-like condition increases sharply. If sugar is not rushed even while taking medications or injections, seek medical attention immediately;
- there are even more critical ranges in which glucose reaches 26-29 units, and can sometimes be 30-32 units or more. In this case, the restoration of vital functions is possible only in the intensive care unit, in the hospital.
Diet for the treatment and prevention of hyperglycemia
Doctors generally recommend the use of treatment table number nine ..
Food must be based on the following principles:
- Avoid starvation as well as overeating (even healthy food);
- Turn off “fast” carbs;
- Use only what you have cooked, baked, stewed, or steamed.
Recommended foods (good for high-sugar foods):
You cannot eat:
- Pasta and noodles;
- White bread;
- Cakes;
- Roast;
- Puff pastry products;
- Ice cream;
- Sweets;
- Chocolate;
- Cakes
- Sweet cookies;
- Jam and jams;
- Pickles and pickles;
- Fatty and fried foods;
- Sweet fizzy drinks.
Limited use: coffee, lean cookies, crackers, pastries, honey, sweets with fructose or other sweeteners, potatoes, carrots, beets, and sweet fruits, such as mandarins.
Traditional remedies that help reduce glucose
So, we have listed the agents with a pronounced sugar-lowering effect:
- Chicory root. It can be bought in the form of a ready-made powder, from which it is convenient to prepare a drink that resembles coffee in taste and properties. The infusion of the root itself has the strongest therapeutic effect. You need to do it this way: two tablespoons of freshly ground root pour a liter of boiling water, cook for a quarter of an hour, cool, and strain. Within a month such a drink must be drunk three times a day, 15 minutes before a meal;
- It is good to eat a spice-like cinnamon. It can be added to a glass of kefir (in the amount of 10 grams) and drink, for example, this portion. The course is designed for two to three weeks;
- linden flower tea is another great remedy that can effectively lower blood glucose;
- Walnuts are popular among diabetics. It is recommended to use not only the seeds themselves but also to prepare useful tinctures from the walls of shells. Popular recipe: one hundred grams of raw materials pour 250 ml of boiling water, cook for a quarter of an hour, drain, take 10 ml three times a day, before meals;
- Effective herbal collection: licorice root, lemon balm grass, center grass, salmon root, birch buds, and mint leaves mixed in equal proportions. Forty grams of the mixture is infused with 500 ml of boiling water in a thermos for three hours. Take 60 ml three times daily before meals.
If the blood glucose level is high, the health condition is also normal
The patient does not always feel the symptoms that the blood sugar is elevated.
For many, this comes as a surprise that is discovered by chance, during the next physical examination, or under other circumstances.
It is worth understanding: that each person's body is individual, and if you do not feel problems, it does not mean that they are absent.
Hyperglycemia must be treated in any case, otherwise one day there will be an increase in glucose levels to critical levels, which can end in failure.
Consequences of high sugar in diabetes
If blood sugar is elevated for a long time, almost every cell in the body suffers:
- Cell and tissue regeneration processes are disrupted;
- The person becomes more susceptible to various types of infections;
- normal processes in the small bloodstream are disturbed, which often leads to thrombosis;
- There is a high risk that the patient will be overcome by a diabetic crisis and the person will fall into a coma;
- The cardiovascular system reacts with increased blood pressure levels, which significantly increases the risk of stroke and heart attack;
- Often on the background of glycemia is observed pathological set of body weight, as well as an increase in "bad" cholesterol;
- Diabetic ketoacidosis, which we mentioned at the beginning of the article, can develop on the background of stably high glucose values. In addition, a person may have diabetic polyneuropathy, which often results in disability due to limb loss.
Unfortunately, in the absence of appropriate therapeutic measures, the problem progresses rapidly. This is because in the patient's body, the sensitivity of cellular receptors to insulin decreases, and this leads to the fact that over time, cells and tissues "see" the hormone worse and worse.
How to lower high blood sugar quickly and effectively at home:
You can correct the situation, but the approach should be comprehensive - taking medication, a competent diet, physical activity, and following the doctor's recommendations can provide a long and fulfilling life for a diabetic.
- It stabilizes sugar levels for a long time
- Restores pancreatic insulin production
Learn more. It's not a drug. ->
A change in blood sugar significantly worsens a person's condition. Sometimes people are unaware of the violation of carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, a blood sugar of 15 mmol / L is often news to patients. Ignoring high glycemia can cause serious complications, including when. An increase in glucose usually indicates the development of diabetes.
Sugar rate
Determination of blood glucose levels in human blood is carried out by various methods. Each of the studied indicators has its own norm. Their study allows you to diagnose pathological conditions.
Attention! Blood glucose "on an empty stomach" is carried out after refusing food for 9-14 hours, venous blood is collected.
The normal level in an adult is considered to be 4.1-6.1 mmol / l. in children the maximum allowable value is 3.3-5.7 mmol / l. This indicator is good for children and adolescents under 14 years of age. The correct indicator for infants is 2.8-4.4 mmol / L. For people over 60, as well as when carrying a child, the norm is 4.6-6.7 mmol / l.
The test is performed for routine examination of both healthy people and diabetics. Research has also been presented in such cases:
- Presence of obesity.
- Diseases of the liver, and adrenal glands.
- Pituitary and thyroid pathology.
- With signs of low sugar (excessive appetite, excessive sweating, lethargy, dizziness).
- Manifestation of hyperglycemia (eg thirst, increased urge to urinate, decreased visual acuity, poor healing of skin lesions, fatigue).
- To rule out diabetes in pregnant women from 24 to 28 weeks.
In addition, such an examination is indicated to monitor the condition of patients with diabetes. If a person has an empty stomach of 7.0 mmol / l, then this is a serious cause for concern and further research.
Determination of blood serum glucose after a certain sugar load is performed if standard research is questioned. An examination is also needed to determine the presence of diabetes. Indications for this diagnostic method include:
- Glucosuria.
- Polyuria - increased amount of urine.
- Diabetes addiction.
- Retinopathy.
If after the sugar load the indicator is higher than 11.1 millimole / l, diabetes mellitus develops. If the carbohydrate concentration is above 7.8 millimoles/liter, but below 11, a disorder of glucose tolerance should be diagnosed.
Glycosylated hemoglobin is an indicator that characterizes the content of hemoglobin compounds with glucose. Such a study allows you to study the sugar index in the last few months.
A sampling of the tested material is performed after fasting for 3 hours. The norm is considered an indicator within 6%.
The combination of sugar with plasma proteins is called fructosamine. An indicator is needed to determine the average glucose concentration over 2 weeks. Blood from a vein is taken after 8 hours of food rejection.
The correct level is considered to be 319 µmol / L. A similar study is conducted to monitor the condition of pregnant women with diabetes, and patients with anemia and to correct treatment tactics.
In addition, the indicator helps diagnose renal failure, increased IgA levels, and hypothyroidism. These conditions may be suspected to be fructosamine levels exceeding 370 µmol / L. If less than 286 µmol / l, then hypoalbuminemia, hyperthyroidism, diabetic nephropathy, and nephrotic syndrome develop.
Why sugar rises in men
If a change in glucose levels is observed in a practically healthy person who has not suffered from hyperglycemia, then pathology may occur. This is most often a symptom of a malfunctioning pancreas.
The following conditions can also be the cause of pathology:
- Cushing's syndrome;
- Alcoholism;
- Liver disease
- Excessive smoking;
- Uncontrolled drug use.
Epileptic seizures also often cause a pathological increase in sugar. In addition, gastrointestinal tract diseases and physical stress are becoming etiological factors.
Why do women increase sugar?
In addition to the reasons contributing to the increase of glucose in men, women can have others. The most common trigger is pregnancy. Such a reaction during gestation is considered permissible, it occurs in connection with hormonal changes in the body.
Additional elements of etiology are:
- Overconfection.
- Premenstrual syndrome.
- Pathological processes in the thyroid parenchyma.
- Frequent stress and anxiety.
- Long-term use of combined contraceptives.
But still, the progression of diabetes is the first thing a doctor should consider after discovering high sugar. In this case, you need to consult an endocrinologist.
Symptoms of high blood sugar
You can only suspect hyperglycemia by listening to your body. First of all, the reason for excitement becomes a strong thirst. Patients complain that they cannot get drunk. In addition, the following symptoms are manifested:
- Itchy skin;
- Chronic murder;
- Arrhythmias;
- Frequent desire to go to the toilet;
- A long period of wound healing;
- The feeling of limb stiffness;
- Headache;
- Frequent nausea.
The smell of acetone from the mouth is also possible. The severity of the symptoms may not be strong. Also, their simultaneous manifestation is not required.
Because similar symptoms may indicate other diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to consult a doctor and conduct additional research.
Why high sugar is dangerous
Hyperglycemia significantly impairs patient well-being. Therefore, it is important to consult a specialist immediately when determining the pathological level of sugar. Dangerous consequences can develop without adequate treatment.
- Pathological processes in the kidneys.
- Eye diseases.
- Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
- Processes for the development of dementia.
- Accelerate body aging.
Important! The most dangerous consequence is hyperglycemic coma ..
Development due to neglect of lower blood sugar. This is a life-threatening pathology that needs to be removed immediately.
Sugar 15 mmol / L - what to do?
When such hyperglycemia occurs, patients are interested in how to lower glucose levels and what to do to prevent the consequences. First of all, you need to seek the advice of a doctor.
It will help to discover the cause of the pathological condition and choose the appropriate treatment to reduce the concentration of carbohydrates. A responsible attitude of the patient towards his health can protect him from complications.
In addition to diabetes, there may be several reasons for the increase. Including hormonal disorders. First of all, if you find high sugar, you need to conduct additional tests.
You must first take another blood test. At the same time, it is important to adhere not only to all the rules for taking the material but also to the principles of preparation for it.
In addition to the standard diagnosis of blood glucose, you need to perform special tests to determine indicators such as fructosamine, and glycated hemoglobin. It is also necessary to do a glucose tolerance test.
In the method of instrumental examination, ultrasound plays an important role. Ultrasound examination of the pancreas and thyroid, adrenal glands. Thanks to this method, it is possible to determine the malfunction of the organ that caused hyperglycemia.
Urine analysis is also important to detect glucose in it. Once diagnosed, the attending physician should prescribe appropriate treatment to help lower glucose levels and prevent complications.
Conclusion
Blood glucose concentration is an important diagnostic factor in some pathologies. It is important to determine the cause in time and start treatment.
Each patient should follow the doctor's recommendations. It is the only way to reduce sugar levels and return to normal. More information on the content of carbohydrates in blood serum.
Blood levels should be checked during blood tests. Occasionally all people need it. A systematic assessment of sugar levels is needed for people at risk of diabetes: obesity, hypertension, stroke, heart attack, pancreatic and liver problems, as well as poor heredity.
Blood sugar 15 is a clear messenger of hyperglycemia. If it is not reduced, the development of irreversible, dangerous processes is possible.
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