Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine-metabolic disease in which the production of the hormone insulin is insufficient, carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed, blood sugar levels are elevated, and tend to increase.
In ancient times, this disease was known, but it was not as widespread as in modern times, because people moved a lot and did not overeat, and therefore did not gain weight, which is the prevention of diabetes
Before we learn about diabetes, let's find out the symptoms of high blood sugar, measures to prevent high sugar, and foods with low and high glycemic index.
In this article, you will learn: why blood sugar rises, what to do if the diagnosis has already been made - diabetes, as well as an effective tool to increase immunity.
According to WHO estimates, almost every tenth person on the planet has diabetes among adults. In 2012 alone, over 3.5 million people died from high blood sugar.
Even an episodic increase in blood glucose levels should alert the person, this will allow him to recognize himself in time and start treatment when metabolic processes have not yet occurred and the attack of organs and tissues.
Why does blood sugar rise?
Blood sugar can rise for a variety of reasons, and diabetes may not be necessary.
In a short time, glucose levels can increase for the following reasons:
- During an acute heart attack.
- Response to stress, moral and psychological stress.
- After each cigarette was smoked.
- After eating, there is an increase in blood sugar.
- With a sedentary lifestyle.
- After abdominal surgery.
- At the moment of severe or sharp pain.
- With a burn.
- During an epileptic seizure with epilepsy and sometime after it.
- After heavy physical exertion or excessive strength training.
- In women before and during critical days.
- Taking oral contraceptives.
- Take certain diuretics and hormones (prednisone).
For a long time, elevated sugar levels indicate a disease.
The following diseases affect the increase in blood glucose levels:
- Diabetes. The endocrine-metabolic disease is associated with inadequate production of pancreatic hormone - insulin. Diabetes usually increases appetite, frequent urination, weight gain, and thirst. At the same time, immunity is reduced, vision deteriorates, itching occurs on the skin, wounds heal for a very long time, and urine sugar levels rise.
- Liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure). Inflammatory processes affect the liver.
- Diseases of the endocrine system. Diseases of this nature can trigger an increase in hormone production. Thyrotoxicosis affects the thyroid gland, and Cushing's disease can affect the pituitary gland.
- Pheochromocytoma. There is an increase in adrenaline and norepinephrine levels in the blood, as a result, blood sugar levels rise, heart rate increases, blood pressure rises and even a hypertensive crisis can occur. At this point, the person is sweating profusely, there is a feeling of anger, and you may feel unnecessary fear and tremble throughout the body.
- Inflammation of the pancreas. With pancreatitis and pancreatic tumors, there is an increase in insulin production, and even secondary diabetes is possible.
If an elevated blood glucose level is found, the person is asked to donate blood after a few days.
Symptoms of high blood sugar
You can find out about high blood glucose by some symptoms:
- Increased sweating.
- Reduced visual acuity.
- General weakness.
- Decreased sex drive in men.
- Skin deterioration occurs.
- A dry mouth and strong thirst appear.
- He begins to feel sick, and signs of dizziness appear.
- There was a weight change (sharp set or reverse reduction).
- Urine to urinate sharply.
You must under
Treatment with high blood sugar
You must UNDERGO a complete medical examination before prescribing treatment. During the examination, it is necessary to exclude even the least unrest and stressful situations, and regularly drink 2 liters of water a day. Regular physical activity is also shown, in addition, you need to change your diet.
To do this, you must:
- Monitor calories burned regularly.
- Reject sweet foods by replacing them with fruit jellies.
- Use only sugar substitutes in the preparation.
- Replace sugary treats with fruit jellies, opting for those sweetened with sugar substitutes. Cut out foods that spike blood sugar levels, like certain fruits (mandarins, oranges, grapes, bananas), alcohol, fatty meats, and sugary snacks. Instead, prioritize fresh veggies, lean proteins, and complex carbs found in whole grains, legumes, and many fruits.
- Eat fresh vegetables, lean meats, and foods that contain complex carbohydrates (cereals, legumes, and most fruits) regularly.
Prevention of high blood sugar
In the presence of diabetes, it is necessary to completely change your lifestyle and diet, this will avoid many serious consequences. Do this:
- Limit sugar and sweets.
- Compliance with a proper and healthy diet. Eat more foods with fruit and fiber and as little animal fat as possible.
- Track your weight.
- Regular physical activity should be a part of life. It is best to spend long walks in the fresh air, small yoga, as well as swimming and yoga.
- See your doctor regularly. If high blood sugar persists long enough, you should consult a doctor.
- Cessation of bad habits (drinking, taking drugs, and smoking)
If diabetes is diagnosed
A person who already has such a diagnosis needs treatment. It consists of maintaining normal blood glucose levels, which helps prevent possible complications of diabetes. Glucose on the test should not exceed - 5.6 mmol / L. (110 mg/dl.), And after meals - 8.0 mmol / L. (140 mg/dl.)
The course of the disease depends on the lifestyle of the patient. In the initial stage, the treating endocrinologist prescribes a diet without medication.
If the patient has returned his weight to normal and started to lead a healthy lifestyle, but this has not contributed to the normalization of blood glucose levels, then drug treatment should be started.
First, drugs are prescribed that slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract or stimulate the temporary production of insulin.
These medicines help you to avoid a rise in blood glucose. It also helps to reduce body weight, which has a beneficial effect on the course of the disease.
In the absence of progress in such treatment, the doctor prescribes the use of insulin. It usually takes 12-15 years from the onset of the disease to the appointment of insulin.
Initially, it is recommended to inject insulin before bedtime, this will allow it to start with normal blood glucose levels in the morning.
Foods with a low glycemic index
Up to 30. Green vegetables, tomatoes, cabbage, mushrooms, and other vegetables, soy, nuts, as well as dark dark chocolate (70% cocoa).
From 31 to 40. Fresh fruits, carrots, lentils, dried peas, dairy products, wholemeal bread, rye bread, cereals (millet, buckwheat), red beans, oatmeal, and freshly squeezed fruit juice without sugar.
41 to 50. Green peas, sugar-free cereals, bran bread, and brown rice.
Attention. All products are listed in ascending glycemic index.
Foods with a high glycemic index
- From 51 to 60. Pasta, bananas, zucchini (watermelon and melon), and jam.
- From 61 to 80. Gray bread, boiled beets, jacket potatoes, corn, peeled rice, granola, sweets (sugar, milk chocolate, and chocolate bars).
- From 81 to 100. Popcorn, cornflakes, instant rice, honey, chips, white bread, and glucose.
Attention. All products are listed in ascending glycemic index.
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Bronchial asthma, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, decreased potency, obesity, hypertension, psoriasis, insomnia, gastrointestinal diseases, decreased memory and intelligence, and profuse sweating.
According to statistics, stress shortens life by 15-20 years, causes premature aging, and can result in heart attack and stroke.
In addition, clinical trials conducted by European researchers involving 1,400 people found:
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The drug has no side effects.
Why fasting is much higher than after meals
If a person has sugar on his head higher than after a meal, it may signal illness or an improper lifestyle. To determine exactly whether high sugar is a threat and why it occurs, you need to undergo an examination and get expert advice.
The normal value of glucose on the head is a level of at least 3.2 and no more than 5.5 mmol / L. When taking blood from a vein, the upper limit of the norm is 6.1 mmol / l.
Diagnose the problem
The following symptoms are a reason to contact your doctor:
- Weakness;
- Nausea;
- Constant thirst;
- Sudden weight loss or weight gain;
- Frequent urination.
To grasp why blood sugar rises in the morning on an empty stomach, simply undergo finger and vein blood tests and consult a doctor. Elevated glucose levels typically signal either type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Less often, sugar can increase due to constant stress, strenuous physical exertion, and pancreatic disease. If the morning indicator is constantly higher than the norm by 0.5-1 mmol / l, this condition is called prediabetes. It is possible to determine the exact cause of the deviation only after a comprehensive examination.
Important! Blood is given for analysis on an empty stomach in the morning. At least 8 hours should have passed since the last meal.
Alcohol should be excluded 48 hours before the analysis, otherwise, the result will be false. To get the most accurate result, the analysis is repeated in a few days.
Hyperglycemia
If a person suffering from diabetes has normal glucose in the evening, and it is elevated in the morning, then we can talk about hyperglycemia of the reaction (Somoji syndrome). This pathology is associated with insulin therapy.
When high doses of insulin are used, sugar is significantly reduced, leading to severe hypoglycemia (low sugar levels). In response, the body produces hormones that increase glucose.
As a result, the diabetic has high blood sugar in the morning and normal or low in the afternoon due to improper insulin use.
The doctor should treat ricocheting hyperglycemia in diabetes. Often enough to adjust the insulin dose in a smaller direction. Reduce the dose slowly.
You will also need to maintain a proper daily diet by eating healthy foods. It is worth noting that the constant rise in glucose (even small) threatens the condition of blood vessels, and they are especially dangerous in old age.
Morning Dawn Syndrome
This pathology often occurs in diabetics. It is characterized by an increase in glucose levels in the late night or early morning because at this time there is an increased secretion of counter-hormonal hormones. In a child, the syndrome occurs due to high concentrations of growth hormone and concomitant diabetes.
To get rid of this syndrome, you will need to use the medication in the late evening. Also, an effective method is to give short-acting insulin in a small dose of 4: 00-5: 00 to prevent an increase in sugar.
Before injecting insulin for diabetes, it is necessary to consider several nuances of its use. In healthy people, the phenomenon is suppressed by releasing their own insulin.
Among the symptoms that are characteristic of the syndrome, there are:
After the reduction of glucose, these manifestations disappear. It is worth noting that after taking short insulin, food intake is necessary because it is able to quickly lower blood sugar.
Other reasons
Sugar after a meal is lower than on an empty stomach, and the reason can only be discovered by a doctor. If a person does not suffer from any type of diabetes, then, after removing the provoking factors, the glucose indicator normalizes. With diabetes, you will need to start taking medication.
The following factors may cause temporary hyperglycemia in the morning:
- Stress;
- Fear;
- Consumption of large amounts of food;
- Starvation.
The physiological response to stress and fear can precipitate a rapid increase in blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia may manifest following the consumption of substantial quantities of carbohydrates, particularly in cases where pancreatic function is compromised.
Action Tactics
If glucose is higher in the morning than in the evening or consistently high, then a full examination is required. The following tests are prescribed:
- Glucose on an empty stomach;
- Insulin in the blood;
- Glucose load;
- Urine analysis.
Based on these examinations, diabetes is detected and then a treatment regimen is selected.
If the diagnosis of diabetes has already been made and active treatment is carried out, but glucose is at a high level in the morning, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis and exclude morning dawn syndrome or ricochet hyperglycemia.
The difference is that hyperglycemia of the reaction occurs in nocturnal hypoglycemia. With the morning dawn syndrome, the sugar level does not drop at night.
After determining the cause of high glucose, the doctor takes the necessary steps to adjust the therapy. Special attention should be paid to the treatment of diabetes in pregnant women.
Glucose during pregnancy should be within normal limits, otherwise, it will harm the fetus. Glucose on the head in this case should not exceed 5 mmol / l.
Conclusion
If a person suffering from diabetes feels in the morning, then the cause may be an increase in blood glucose. It is necessary to measure sugar with a glucometer. An endocrinologist's help is needed to identify the pathology. The right approach will solve the problem quickly.
To feel normal with diabetes, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle, take medication, and follow a diet.
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