Rehabilitation Of Patients With Diabetes

 

Comprehensive medical rehabilitation of diabetes is no less important than major treatment. Rehabilitation methods and practices consolidate therapy and prevent disease recurrence. Rehabilitation measures allow patients to adjust to a new lifestyle, improve their health, and keep blood glucose levels within normal limits.

Rehabilitation methods for diabetes

The recovery period of both type 2 and type 1 diabetics includes:

• physiotherapeutic procedures;
• dietary therapy;
• sports exercises;
• in some cases pharmacological therapy.

A rehabilitation plan is drawn up for each patient with diabetes individually, depending on the type of diabetes, personal characteristics of the body, and the presence or absence of concomitant diseases. A common feature of the recovery period for all patients is its phase: after various stages of rehabilitation, the diabetic personally shapes his or her healthy lifestyle. The stages of rehabilitation and their order are recommended by the doctor.

Traditional techniques

Herbal recovery methods include herbal medicine - the use of herbs, their infusions, and decoctions to lower blood glucose (blood sugar) levels. The following are used for diabetes:

Nettle soup is often used to normalize the patient's condition.

• walnut leaves;
• nettle;
• blueberry leaves;
• bean pods;
• dandelion root;
• horse grass;
• bark aspen.

Medicinal infusions and decoctions can be made using a variety of herbs. It is important to prepare and consume these only if you are sure you have no allergies to the plants being used. Additionally, individuals with diabetes might benefit from teas or decoctions crafted from specific herbs known to lower blood sugar levels. However, it is crucial to consult with a doctor before starting any herbal treatments.

Massage treatments

Diabetes mellitus, usually type 2, is accompanied by overweight, complications of angio- and neuropathy. To solve these problems, massage procedures are prescribed during rehabilitation. Massage improves lymph and blood circulation in the limbs, stimulates metabolic processes in tissues, and helps remove body fat. In addition, massage procedures improve the mood and well-being of patients, and reduce pain in the limbs.

Psychological counseling 

Psychological rehabilitation of patients with diabetes is one of the most important phases of the recovery period. Psychological consultations help to relax, as a result of which the level of glycemia decreases. This type of rehabilitation is especially useful for type 2 diabetics because they have a higher risk of developing depression, neurosis and other psychological problems. Stress and psycho-emotional instability encourage spikes in blood sugar, and counseling psychologists help prevent them.

Acupuncture

The meaning of acupuncture (acupuncture) is to influence the flow of qi energy in the body by stimulating its exit points. This method of rehabilitation has been recognized by doctors around the world and is widely used in the treatment of diabetes. Acupuncture for diabetics allows you to achieve several goals:

• reduce the risk of complications;
• strengthen the pancreas and insulin production;
• lower blood glucose.

Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy - the use of essential oils that affect the body. Aromatherapy procedures improve the condition of the nervous system, strengthen the general well-being and help normalize sleep and appetite. For patients with diabetes, this is a very useful method of rehabilitation, because aromatic compositions normalize the psychoemotional background, which lowers blood sugar levels.

Water treatments

For patients with diabetes, hydrotherapy is especially important because water treatments prevent the development or progression of diabetic angiopathy and neuropathy. In addition, during water procedures, muscles relax, and metabolic processes in tissues improve. Hydrotherapy can be combined with massage - with this water massage therapy, the desired result is achieved faster. In addition, hydromassage procedures contribute to weight loss.

Vitamin and mineral complexes

In addition to diabetes, taking vitamin and mineral complexes is a prerequisite for therapy and rehabilitation. Vitamins, micro, and macro elements are recommended to diabetics without success because they:

• improve the state of the nervous system and psycho-emotional background;
• tones the cardiovascular system;
• normalize metabolic processes in the body;
• lower cholesterol and blood glucose.

The correct vitamin-mineral complex can be chosen by a doctor. You cannot prescribe vitamin therapy on your own without his advice.

Yoga classes

Yoga is a type of physical rehabilitation that is recommended for diabetics. Yoga practices can reduce weight, and improve the condition of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. In addition, during yoga, blood circulation and lymph flow in the limbs are improved, and the oxygen supply to the tissues is normalized. In addition, yoga has a restorative effect on the body of patients with diabetes.                                            

Sports training

Patients with diabetes are recommended:

• Nordic walking is one of the recommended types of physical activity for diabetics.
• jogging;
• Nordic walking
• swimming;
• morning training;
• aerobics;
• dance;
• gym classes;
• Exercise (physiotherapy exercises).

Sports load programs are necessarily included in the complex of rehabilitation measures. Sports activities lower blood sugar, normalize weight, and improve the condition of the cardiovascular system. With regular lectures, the quality of sleep and life improves. For patients with diabetes, the load should be appropriate, in proportion to the capabilities of the body. The load volume should be minimal at first and progressively grow over time.

Medical Rehabilitation in Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder marked by chronic high blood sugar levels. This condition arises due to insufficient insulin production or impaired insulin action, leading to various metabolic disorders. Diabetes can cause damage to blood vessels (angiopathy), the nervous system (neuropathy), and other organs and systems, particularly affecting carbohydrate metabolism.

WHO experts recognize DM as a non-infectious epidemic and represent a serious medical and social problem. Thus, type II diabetes affects 2.1 percent of the world's population now, and the International Diabetes Institute predicts that by 2010, this figure will rise to 2.2 percent. They may number more than 200 million, or 3% of the entire population. Patients with type II diabetes have a death rate that is 2.3 times that of the general population.

Research into the genetic, etiological, pathogenetic, and clinical features of diabetes has allowed researchers to distinguish two main types: insulin-dependent diabetes or type I diabetes, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes, or type II diabetes.

The mandatory diagnostic minimum in diabetes is increased blood glucose in the voice, the presence of glucose in the urine, and increased blood glucose during the day.

To determine the appropriate volume of therapy, a correct objective assessment of the degree of impaired function is required. In diabetes, the main indicators of impaired function are impaired carbohydrate metabolism, and impaired function of the visual organ, kidneys, heart, blood vessels of the legs, and nervous system.

The degrees of the functional state of different body systems correspond to certain disorders of FC.

In diabetes mellitus, 4 FCs are distributed according to the severity of the disease: FC I - in a mild form of diabetes; FC II - with moderate severity; FC III - in severe forms of the course there is a significant fluctuation of blood glucose during the day, from hyperglycemia to hypoglycemia, significant disorders of the eyes, blood vessels of the kidneys, heart, etc .;

FC IV - in case of severe blindness, amputation of limbs that interfere with movement, uremia.

FC is the basis for compiling the IPR of a patient or person with a disability.

MR is a set of medical measures aimed at restoring the health and workability of patients, and their personal and social status. These include drug and non-drug treatment, diet therapy, physiotherapy, exercise, psychotherapy, teaching the patient the principles of self-control, etc. The purpose of rehabilitation is to improve the quality of life, prevent complications, and reduce the severity of disorders of target organs (eyes, kidneys, blood vessels, brain, and peripheral nervous system).

After a comprehensive examination of the patient, an IPR is compiled showing the time and methods of clinical, laboratory, and functional monitoring of the effectiveness of measures taken, taking into account recommendations received in previous stages of treatment and general patient well-being, and related diseases.

The effectiveness of MR is assessed according to the following criteria, reflecting:

· Achieving sustainable compensation for diabetes (normoglycemia, aglycosuria);

· The degree of mastery of diabetes self-control methods through the patient's school;

· Maximum compensation for violations by affected organs and systems;

· Reducing the amount of insulin injected by 30% or more or using sugar-lowering tablets;

· Reduction of overweight and high blood pressure;

· Possibility of correction of concomitant dyslipidemia;

· Reducing the amount of supportive care by compensating for violations;

· Reduction of disability by 10–25% or violations of FC rules (assessment).

The MR program includes the following medical aspects: diet, nutrition, normalization of body weight, elimination of bad habits, exercise therapy, and correction of medications by taking insulin, and other medications.

Patients are monitored by conducting courses against re-vomiting 3-4 times a year: the appointment of vitamins, metabolism, lipotropic, and hepatotropic drugs that lower lipids, and spa treatments.