How To Treat Diabetes Type 2

 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic illness caused by hereditary and environmental factors that result in abnormally high blood glucose levels. sugar in a public disease known in history as the last Diabetes mellitus is one of the oldest diseases.

 Diabetes mellitus first appears in ancient Egyptian inscriptions. The disease is referred to as Sweet liquid, Diabetes mellitus, which means that the urine of diabetes patients is sweet in the inscriptions.

Sugar is a good source of energy for the body and is taken into the cells at the end of a complex metabolic process. In healthy people, the sugar taken through food is transported to the cells and used as an energy source, while in diabetics this mechanism does not work properly, causing blood sugar to rise.

Diabetes mellitus, Type 1 diabetes, and Type 2 diabetes, among others There are two major categories. Aside from these two primary categories, the illness has subtypes. Although the reason for the emergence of each of these groups is different, the basic problem they all create is the same.

The following are some scientific research on the disease's diagnosis, treatment, and preventative measures, and the results of these studies about Type 2 Diabetes, which will be of interest to many people. Before moving on to these studies, it is useful to mention a few general information about Type 2 Diabetes to refresh the memories.

What is type-2 diabetes? 

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that causes elevated blood sugar levels due to the pancreas not producing enough insulin. Over time, this condition can cause permanent and irreversible damage to multiple organs, particularly blood vessels and nerves. Complications may include heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure, vision impairment, and erectile dysfunction.

Is Type 2 diabetes not seen in the elderly?

In the past, Type 2 diabetes was called the disease of old age. Indeed, Type 2 diabetes used to be a disease that was rarely seen among the young but mostly seen in the elderly. 

Today, additives used in ready-to-eat foods, a sedentary life, excessive weight gain, and environmental factors cause young people's and children's metabolism to deteriorate very early.

 This causes the rapid spread of other metabolic diseases, especially Type 2 diabetes, among young people and children.

Statistical studies show that only about a quarter of the young population in the United States has early signs of diabetes.

According to the data of the 6th Diabetes Atlas of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), one out of every eleven adults in the world has diabetes. According to the same organization's estimates, there are roughly 415 million diabetes patients worldwide.

Although statistics by the Ministry of Health show more than seven million diabetics, the actual number is estimated to be much higher.

The common result of research for type 2 diabetes indicates that the disease is caused by genetic predisposition and wrong lifestyle. In other words, epigenetic factors play an important role in the emergence of the disease. While the causes of the disease are explained below, the subject of Epigenetics is also mentioned.

Exercise lowers type 2 diabetes 

Physical exercise lowers the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes by enhancing insulin sensitivity. According to a study conducted by the German Diabetes Research Center (DZD), a molecule known as TGFß becomes particularly active in muscle cells during physical activity, helping to reduce blood sugar levels.

What TGFß does: TGFß suppresses genes that play a negative role in glucose and fat burning and reduces insulin sensitivity, thereby increasing insulin sensitivity and thus balancing blood sugar. Note: One-fifth of the participants in the study did not have this positive effect of sports. 

A similar study showing that muscle exercises reduce the risk of Diabetes 2 in men was published in 2012 in the journal Jama Intern Med. 

Is Type 2 Diabetes Hereditary?

Is type 2 diabetes an inherited disease or a lifestyle disease? Although it is not possible to say yes or no to this question unequivocally, many studies show that environmental factors and lifestyle play an important role in the emergence of the disease, as well as genetic mutations.

 While both genetic studies and epigenetic studies are continuing rapidly, the article published in the issue of Nature magazine on 04 August 2016 draws attention to some mutations that play a role in the disease.

In a 2ndcomparative genetic study of 120,000 healthy and Type 2 diabetic individuals from South and East Asia, America, and Africa, it was determined that there were 126 significant variants in some parts of the genes of 15,700 individuals, and these variants were in the TCF7L2, ADCY5, CCND2, and EML4 genes, which were also associated with diabetes. was done.

Epigenetics is an important factor: As mentioned above, although genetic mutations play a role in the emergence of the disease, studies show that genetic mutations are not the only cause, but epigenetic factors are the main determinant in the emergence of the problem. In other words, 

Type 2 diabetes occurs as a result of lifestyle and environmental factors promoting or suppressing the work of the mutated gene, or it does not occur for life. In this context, it is important to eat healthily, exercise regularly, and keep body weight within healthy limits.

Note: In another genetic study called Genomweiten Assoziationsstudien (GWAS), which was conducted with 90,000 people, the presence of these variants in the genes was also detected. 

Obesity poses a risk for Type 2 diabetes (belly, waist, and hip fat creates different risks)

Undoubtedly, obesity plays an important role in the emergence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, but what is more important than obesity in the emergence of Type 2 diabetes is the concentration of excess weight in which part of the body.

According to lubrication and body shape

• Apple body Type: Abdominal fat type. This type of lubrication poses a risk for diabetes because it causes lubrication of the internal organs.
• Pear Body Type: Hip region fattening type. This type of lubrication does not pose a risk for diabetes since the oils are concentrated under the skin.

The concentration of excess weight in different body parts such as the waist, hips, or belly also affects the number of metabolites (organic compounds) in the blood. For example, the accumulation of excess weight in the waist region in women changes the amount of 21 metabolites in the blood.

• The analyses show that women with low blood Lecithin have more lubrication in the waist area, while women with high levels of Lecithin in their blood have fat in the hip area. In other words, excess lecithin in the blood indicates the presence of diabetes risk.
• In men, the accumulation of excess weight in the belly area indicates a higher risk of diabetes, whereas hip fat does not significantly affect diabetes risk.

Fatty foods increase the risk of type 2 diabetes

Fatty foods are thought to be calorie-rich foods and keep you full for a long time after being eaten. Is that really the case?

Research by Jens Brüning from the University of Cologne shows that this is not the case, on the contrary, at the end of the third day, the brains of rats fed high-fat foods are depleted of sugar sources and immediately alarm for sugar intake.

Why the need for sugar is increasing with the intake of fatty foods ?: 

exceed the needs of a healthy human brain candy before this issue of how to meet that k I need recounts hair. Sugar is a good energy source for all cells with vital energy and good output of sugar to need I had I run, and the importance of glucose to the brain cells is even greater. Sugar taken from food is transported to brain cells through special molecules.

How sugar is taken into the brain: 

In healthy people, when the brain is without energy, it immediately reacts 4and looks for a way to provide energy. For this, the growth factor VEGF is activated by the immune system, and a command is given to form special sugar carrier molecules called GLUT-1. 

The newly formed GLUT-1 (Glucose transporter) molecules take sugar from the blood and transport it to the brain. This process has two vital importance. The first is to reduce the sugar in the blood to the normal level, and the second is to meet the energy needs of the cells with sugar.

Fatty foods prevent sugar intake: 

Saturated free fatty acids present in these foods affect the blood-brain barrier by reducing the amount of sugar transported by the GLUT-1 protein. Consequently, this causes sugar to remain in the bloodstream, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Simultaneously, the brain becomes alert due to the lack of sugar.

 While the brain commands the body to take sugar, on the other hand, saturated free fatty acids prevent sugar from reaching the cells, leading to Type 2 Diabetes.

In conclusion, we can say that: Eating high-fat foods for a long time causes some negativities in metabolism and this increases the risk of diabetes 2.

A positive effect of hunger on Type 2 diabetes

What happens if you starve at the molecular level?

In recent years, in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders, research-oriented intermittent fasting (Intermittent fasting) applied a method called.

Intermittent fasting mode and positive effect of GADD45β protein on Type 2 diabetes

The GADD45β protein 5 is an important protein encoded by the GADD45β gene located on chromosome 19 and controls the uptake of fatty acids to the liver. It was discovered that GADD45β has another function besides this known task.

In a study conducted jointly by the German Diabetes Research Center (DZD) and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), it was investigated whether GADD45β protein has an effect on Type 2 diabetes, and it was discovered that GADD45β has a positive function that is good for Type 2 diabetes, apart from its known function.

What is this new function: Metabolism With the intermittent fasting mode, the body promptly commands to produce more GADD45β, and the produced GADD45β ensures that the liver is less fat, and brings blood sugar to a normal level.