What Are The Different Type Of Diabetes
A Swedish-Finnish registry study has shown that adults with diabetes can be divided into several different groups according to symptoms, age of illness, own insulin secretion and insulin resistance, underlying autoimmune inflammation, and body mass index.
2. What types of diabetes are known?
According to the study, there are five types of adult-onset diabetes:
1) Adult type 1 diabetes, i.e. insulin deficiency that develops rapidly or slowly on the basis of autoimmune inflammation, and 2) adult insulin deficiency diabetes without clear for a long time, only type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been talked about. The view has become clearer. The new classification of diabetes will help to better find the right treatment and follow-up for the patient.
1. Why does the notion of diabetes as two different diseases end up in the rubbish bin?
Diabetes is a group of diseases in which blood sugar has risen for a long time.
There are two main groups, namely, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. It is often imagined that adults with diabetes only suffer from type 2 diabetes, and that would be the same for everyone. Diabetes is a multifaceted and individual disease.
Autoimmune inflammation.
4) In milder diabetes associated with obesity, being overweight increases the need for insulin, which is not adequately compensated by pancreatic insulin secretion.
5) In age-related diabetes, the function of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas is insufficient to meet insulin requirements. The reason for this is probably the change in the distribution of muscle and adipose tissue with age and the possible deterioration of pancreatic function.
Diabetes that develops in adulthood can sometimes rarely be associated with gene mutations, in which case we speak of monogenic diabetes, such as MODY diabetes.
3. How are the different types found?
Diabetes is defined as a blood glucose value (mmol / l) repeatedly overnight after fasting of 7 or greater or after a meal of more than 11. When a patient has a cross-border blood glucose level, it is the physician's responsibility to make a more accurate diagnosis. The baseline division still largely depends on whether the disease picture is dominated by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance and increased insulin demand. The patient's story, related diabetes, amount of overweight and weight history, and blood sugar behavior provide indications of the type.
Increasingly, antibodies to autoimmune inflammation (GAD antibodies) and the amount of your own insulin secretion are tested in the blood of an adult.
4. Has the perception of two different diseases hampered treatment?
Because diabetes is an individual disease, so should treatment. Prior to the reclassification, finding an individually appropriate treatment may have been delayed. The new classification will help to better select both the most appropriate treatment for each patient and the method of follow-up.
Adult autoimmune diabetes and adult insulin deficiency diabetes and insulin resistance diabetes are the most difficult to treat in adult-onset diabetes and are associated with more comorbidities. When poorly treated, in addition to the heart, diabetes damages small blood vessels in the fundus and kidneys, as well as nerves, especially in the legs.
5. How are different types of diabetes treated?
If the disease picture is dominated by overweight and insulin resistance, then the primary treatment is lifestyle therapy and weight loss. If necessary, it is enhanced by drugs that have a beneficial effect on weight and insulin resistance, as well as renal and cardiac function. If lifestyle therapy and the tablets fail, insulin-resistant intestinal hormone injection therapy is initiated.
If the disease picture is dominated by insulin deficiency, lifestyle therapy is still beneficial, but insulin injections are also needed.
6. Does everyone develop age-related diabetes before long?
No, as in addition predisposing hereditary factors and disruption of pancreatic function are required.
One in ten people over the age of 30 and two in ten people over the age of 65 suffer from diabetes. Whether the disease affects itself can be greatly influenced by staying at a normal weight and exercising regularly.
7. How can diabetes be prevented?
Diabetes caused by autoimmune inflammation is not yet known.
More than a third of adults with diabetes are overweight, and naturally, dieting and other health-promoting lifestyles can reduce the risk of developing the disease.
8. Why is diet important in diabetes prevention?
Diabetes is a disease in which high blood sugar, high blood pressure, and disorders of fat metabolism damage small blood vessels and arteries. In addition to weight management, the diet aims at vascular health and blood sugar control.
The diet should pay attention to the groups and size of meals, avoid snacking and reduce the number of fast carbohydrates and hard fat. This will reduce the accumulation of fat in the internal organs and the need for insulin. Fatty foods, especially hard fats, and snacking increase the risk of fatty liver and thus insulin.
Avoiding sugar and other fast-absorbing carbohydrates and favoring fiber will reduce your need for insulin and any momentary high blood sugar.
9. What kind of exercise equalizes blood sugar?
Endurance exercise lowers blood sugar and consumes sugar and fat stores.
Exercise, such as a gym workout, does not lower blood sugar immediately, but higher muscle mass improves longer-onset metabolism and reduces the risk of diabetes.
In addition to increasing exercise, you should try to reduce long periods of presence, that is, get up from sitting to exercise every 30 minutes for three minutes at a time.
10. How often should blood sugar be measured?
You should do basic health every five years after turning 30. If there are risk factors, this is done every one to three years, depending on the previous result.
Risk factors include type 2 diabetes in parents or siblings, a waist length of more than 90 cm in a man and more than 90 cm in a woman, gestational diabetes, and high blood pressure.
If your blood sugar is between 6 and 7, it is pre-diabetes, ie impaired sugar tolerance. Its transformation into diabetes can be prevented or at least transmitted by lifestyle.
0 Comments